Diary Of William B. Howard - 48th New York Infantry Regiment

September 17, 1861 - July 6, 1863
Transcribed By Jerrie Hinchman

Printable version (transcription)
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Transcriber Notes:  Transcription is line by line so the reader can follow the written diary.  Capitalization, punctuation, spelling and spacing are transcribed as written.  Notations for clarification of spelling and punctuation are in brackets.  Verification of the spelling of the names of individuals, ships, geographic locations, military arms and military equipment was done wherever possible.   
Transcriber:  Jerrie Hinchman

 

William B Howard
Co. F. 48th Regt. N.Y.S.V
Fort Pulaski
G.a
[tornado flourish]

When war ceases and sweet peace spreads her wings over our dear country once more.  It is then I will remember the companions of my joys and sorrows And when the tide of fortune has carried me along safe and anchord [anchored] me at last in the haven of home then the grateful remembrance of comrads [comrades] in arms, will swell the, inmost recess of my soul.
William B Howard
Co. F. 48th Regt N.Y.S.V

This copy is respectifuly [respectfully] dedicated to my mother whose kindness and parental affection I, will forever appreciate, while life lasts, no matter, wheresoever I roam, I, will remember my mother.
Wm B. H
N.Y.S.V
[tornado flourish]

Wm B Howard
Casemate No 34
Fort. Pulaski Ga
[1/2 elliptical flourish]

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Events, Precedents, and sketches relating to the war for the, union.

Enlisted with Captain James. M. Green of Brooklyn New, York, at the Albion Hotel, New Bowery, New .York City for the Continental, Gaurd [Guard] 48th Regt N.Y.S.V. on the 15 day on Augt 1861 and proceeded the same day to Camp, Wyman, near Fort Hamilton, N. York.

Sep. 17th 1861
The regiment left Camp, Wyman 2 P.m. 
and embarked on the Steamer John Potter and proceeded to South Amboy, N.J. then taking the [the written above & between taking cars] cars for Philadelphia where we arrived at, 9 P.m. Here we partook of a bountiful repast prepared by the ladies of the Quaker City[.] 
We again took the cars for Baltimore arriving there at 11 A.M. the following day. After a hours stay in the, Monumental, City took the cars once more for Washington stopping at the Relay, House and Anapolis [Annapolis] junction arriving at Washington after a very tedious journey at 8, PM[.]

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Sept. 18th 1861
Slep [Slept] last night in the empty store on Pennsylvania Avenue and a hard old bed it was, only the soft side of a plank, however managed to weather the night, when we considered it was all for the union[.]

Sept 19 1861
Encamped 2 miles east of the capital[.] named our first camp, Camp, Sherman, in honor of Genl Shermans [Sherman] of Shermans famous battery who distinguished himself at the battle of Bull, Run, whose battery is now Hamilton's wich [which] is encamped in adjoining field to the east of us. weather several degrees warmer than in New, York.

Sept 21th 1861
Struck tents and moved to a more healthy location about two miles to the south in close vicinity of the congressional cemetry [cemetery]. here we lay out a camp, as the ground is so much higher and more, appropiate [appropriate] for drilling, and in fact we have all the drill we can attend to. The 46th, 47th N.Y. Vol and the 8th Maine and the 3rd N.H are close to us and belong to Genl Veile's [Viele] Brigade as well as ourselves.

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Oct. 5th 1861
Broke camp to day [today] and bid adieu to camp, Sherman and proceeded to the cars bound for Anapolis [Annapolis], M.d. prepartory [preparatory] to starting on a secret expididion [expedition] to some part of dixie unknown to us. arived [arrived] at Anapolis [Annapolis] at 12 Pm took the St Johns college for our quarters[.]

Oct. 7th 1861
Our baggage has arrved [arrived], and we once more pitch tents on the banks of Sporr's, Creek a beautiful stream emptying into the Severn river. rained hard all night[.] was, on gaurd [guard], got a good drenching the first night[.]

Oct.16th 1861
Vessels have arived [arrived] at last to convey us no one knows where, but all have an idea whats to be done, and what the people expects of us. At all hazards we will endevor [endeavor] to render a good account of ourselvs [ourselves]. All is excitement here in camp, as well as throughout the City at the prospect of this being a sucessful [successful] expidition [expedition][.]

Oct 18th 1861
At last the long sought for and, eventful day has come[.] Camps are broken up and the orders for embarking has begun[.] This is one scene of confusion. men women and children are endevaring [endeavouring] to catch a passing glance at those who are now embarking. The beautiful ladies of Anapolis [Annapolis] (God bless them) are whispering words of comfort the the Soldiers. The 48th are ordered to the Empire, City[.]

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Oct 20th 1861
Sail for Fortress Monroe with a fine breeze[.] vessel very crowded and many of the soldiers are suffering from sea sickness.

Oct 22th 1861
Early this moarning [morning] came in sight of the frowning battlements of Fortress Monroe and at noon came to an anchor in Hampton, Roads between the Rin [?], Raps and the fort.

Oct 25, 1861
On account of the crowded state of the Empire City, Co H and B were transferd [transferred] to Steamer Mantanzas [Matanzas] this leaves us more comfortable[.]

Oct 29th 1861
The signal for sailing, as the bright rays of the rising sun coming from out of the deep bosom of the old Atlantic. The Union, Jack is unfurled to the morning breeze, and as it floats from the mast head [masthead] of all the vessels comprising our fleet (70 in all)[.] a deafening cheer rents the air, thousands and thousands of hearts vibrate with patriotic impulses. Eight A.M. one gun from the Wabash (frigate) again broke the stillness of the hour and instantly and after the merry voices of our galant tars[?] is heard, as with strong hands and willing hearts, they man the windlasses of the gigantic fleet, but a few moments elapsed when the fleet was moving down Hampton, Roads

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in fine style. The sailing of this expedition was a spectable [spectacle] that impressed all who witnessed it. in a manner not easily discribed [described]. The Old Wabash with other vessels of a similar class and size, but above them rose the Great Republic a nother[another] monitor of the deep. (This vessel became famous during the crimea war as she was chartered by the allies to convey horses and troops during the entire war.) As we passed cape Henry in the afternoon, I took one long look towards loyal soil and contemplated there wheresoever our destination would be we must leave the gallant larks wich [which] bore us to tread a traitors soil. The night of the 29th I shall long remember as we experienced one of the most severest storms that had been for years. so I was told by the sailors on board. I will not attempt to describe the scenes that transpired on board. thank Providence the night is passed, and moarn [morn] has come[.]

Oct. 30th 1861
No vessels in sight from the deck but from the fore top [foretop] we can desery[?] seven. Storm still raging but gradualy [gradually] abating. Towards noon a few more of the fleet heaving in sight out sight of the flag ship (Wabash) entirely the day passed very unconfortably [uncomfortably]. rain setting in e're night fall and continued all night[.]

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Oct 31st 1861
The sun rose in all its majestic splendour but with the sublimity of its rising the storm grew into a fierce huricane [hurricane]. A, few, vessels in sight while many has found a watery grave. We thought that our fate would be sealed to day [today], but it seems that the all wise Providence has orderd [ordered] it otherwise. Saw the Winfield Scott, at 9 A.M. astern, cutting away her masts[.] The Atlantic on our lee beam firing signal guns of distress. It is impossible to bear away towards her as we dare not, keep her off in this tremendous sea[.] The Union has gone down, while the Peerless and the Governor has followed suit. Hearing signal guns at a distance, suppose they are of distress. The loss of the Belvidere, Comadore [Commodore] reported at m[?]. The Illinois lost smoke stack, the, Roanoake[Roanoke] leaks badly, Star of the South damaged very seriously, Empire City lost part of her Paddle Box, and quarter, boats. There is many casualties, I know nothing of. I will not attempt here to describe the many scens [scenes] and incedents [incidents] that transpired on the Empire, City though I shall long remember all what occurd [occurred] and what the Union soldiers had to go through on this memorable occasion.

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Nov 1st 1861
Storm going down gradually while the fleet is fast coming together. The flag Ship (Wabash) in sight and signalizing the varous [various] vessels. Varions [Various] surmises made as to where we are bound to[. ] At last came to the conclusion we are bound for New, Orleans and all appear to be satisfied at out destination[.]

Nov 2nd 1861
Storm disappeard [disappeared] entirely fair weather with a clear sky. A report current on board that we are off Charlston [Charleston] (SC,) and it is here we are going in. The report gains ground as the Empire, City stands on the weather tack to the northard [northward?]. Towards night stand to the southard [southward?] again what this means, we know not. Going in Charlston [Charleston] knocked in the head.

Nov 3rd 1861
land ''[?] Ho. This joyful inteligence [intelligence] was promuligated [promulgated] through the ship this moarning[morning] at early day break. Well what a time we are having of all the noise I ever heard this beats all. Some of the Boys are loading their rifles already, we are at the least calculation 12 miles from land. Towards night the orders of Genl Sherman was read to the soldiers. The rebel fleet coming out towards us, supposed to be Tatualls [Tatnall's] Nusquitoe [Mosquito] fleet of Savannah. At dark laid off the mouth of the Broad, river[.]

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Nov 4th 1861
Came to an anchor this morning in Port Royal harbour. This appears to be our destination. Our light drough [draft?] Gun Boats [Gunboats] sent in to reconnoitre and sound the Channel as the rebels hav [have] destroyed the buoy's [buoys]. In the afternoon the small Gun boats [Gunboats] had a little brush with the enemies Gun Boats [Gunboats]. Think the rebels are badly licked and somewhat damaged.

Nov 7th 1861
The past two days have been stormy hence nothing has been done,[done written above comma] but today at 8 A m, the Gun Boats draw into line of battle, the Wabash leading. Susquehanna following as they pass the transports the bands strike up Hail to the Chief and other national airs. The ball has opened the rebel fleet has dispersed, and our boats proceeded quietly on their mission of war. 9 A.m chased the rebel fleet under the guns of forts Walker and Beauregard. Our boats forming in line again 
to open on the forts. At 10, Am they open and pass the forts each giving a broadside and then form into an eliptic[elliptic] circle thus giving the fort on bay point larbord [larboard] broadside, while Fort, Walker on Hilton, Head received the starbord [starboard] broadside. The fight is going on bravely, and the most magnifcient [magnificent] sight I ever beheld. All follow the Wabash and in 
fact all seem to know what to do as they go around

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in this eliptic [elliptic] circle. The battle raged for four hours, when the secession rag was forced to come down. A flag of truce is displayed and the day is ours. The Stars and Stripes waves once more over the soil of South Carolina. Cheer after cheer goes up from the spectators on board the transports, while the bands are playing the national airs of victory. The rebels evacuated and left evry thing [everything] behind in their hasty flight[.]

Nov 10th 1861
Disembarking, commenced immediately after the fall of Port, Royal and our turn has commenced to day [today], and a nice old time we are having, wading up to our necks through the water. Is not very comfortable, I must confess. All landed and ordered to, the extreme, outposts[.] Volunteered to go on a scouting expidition [expedition]. towards night commenced to penetrate the country met with no enemy but had a bully old supper, consisting of sweet potatoes, veal, chickens and hominy. Stood gaurd [guard] all night watching the darkies keeping, them from running away. plantation was owned by Dr. Stoney. no enemy appearing during the night[.]

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Nov 11th 1861
Hearing that the enimy [enemy] was on Pickney [Pinckney] Island and contemplated burning a vast amount of Cotton, some of the Boys crossed the river at Stoney's into scows. As for myself I was pretty well played out. The party returned towards night bringing a number of Cattle and poultry[.]

Nov 12th 1861
Captain, Lent and party came up with us this merning [morning?] at Grahams, plation [plantation] [.] he was in search of us with orders to return. In the afternoon Col. Barton and party came up in search of the whole and ordered all hands to return[.] Stayed all night at Stoneys and stood gaurd [guard][.]

Nov 13th 1861
Started this morning for the lines and, ere noon the cavalcade was in motion, consisting of Cattle, Horses and mules hitched to old southern donkey carts carrying poultry furniture and numerous other trophies. This was a most impressive scene for one to witness, well I had to laugh evry [every] time I cast my eyes ti [to] the head. This grand caravan put me in mind of the circus coming to town. The moon at night gave it more impresive [impressive] aspect and I could not but help to think of the wandering tribes of Gypsies who wanderd [wandered] over Brttion [Britain?] in the earlier ages. When we came into Camp at midnight our comrads [comrades] had lighted Camp fires to welcome our triumphant return[.]

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Nov 20th 1861
Today the Regt was paid off and you can bet we are in high glee over our rich prospects almost forgetting our previous suffering on Shipboard[.]

Nov. 28th 1861
This is thanksgiving in the Empire State and our thoughts revert to the scenes now gone forever, of wich [which] I was an active participator when in our own native land. This day will be long remembered by the Continental Gaurd [Guard] for we had one of the longest drills we ever had, but never mind they is a good time coming[.]

Dec 15. 1861
Untill [Until] this time nothing but drill and throwing up entrenchments has occupied our time. This morning had a grand Brigade drill & review by Genl Veile [Viele]. He praised the 48th up to the skies. He says we are as good as any Regiment in the service and marched like old regulars. So much for having an officer like Col. Perry[.]

Dec 25th 1861
Up to this time we have had our full share of diging [digging] [.] Day after Day it has been work work work. Here it is Christmas and where is the accustomed dinner of olden times[.] Echo, answers nary a dinner for you Bill. We celebrated the day by diging [digging] in the entrinchments [entrenchments] [.] I had to stand guard [guard] al [all] night. Pretty rough Christmas. One of the 8th Maine was shot in the hand.

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Dec 31st 1861
Came in from drill at 11 AM, and was orderd [ordered] to get ready for a march. This done our company fell in line and the regiment went to Hilton Head and embarked on the Steamer, Deleware [Delaware] and proceeded to Beaufort. Slep [Slept] that night on board off the City of Beaufort[.] got up in the morning and wished [written sideways in right margin] the Boys a Happy New Year. None of them could see it in that light.

Jan 1st 1862
[line skipped in diary]
Heve [Heave] up anchor and proceeded up the Beaufort river about 15 miles and then enterd [entered] the Coosaw river and proceeded to Browns landing and joined Genl Stevens, forces and all crossed the Coosaw river and gained a landing on Chapins plantation. This family had just eaten their breakfast. when we came in sight they flead [fled] at our near approach but succeeded in burying their valuables of wich [which] we found immediately after. The troops being landed wich [which] was a bout [about] six thousand we took up line of march towards, Port, Royel [Royal] Ferry a distance of six miles, the 79th Highlanders taking the advance. The battle commenced with in [within] two miles of the ferry and this had to be disputed the enemy meanwhile pouring in vollys [volleys] of grape and Canister into the ranks of the 8th Mich. Regt. The reserve consisting of the 48th and 47th N. Y under of the immediade [immediate] command of Col. Perry were orderd [ordered] up. We came up in solid lines with arms apart over 

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the ditch and over a rail fence. while the 47th filed off into the woods to gain a road wich [which] ran through the woods, thus to cut off the enemies retreat in that direction. After getting over the fence we were orderd [ordered] to lie down[.] it was there [written above was and the] grape & canister passed over our heads and volley after volley of musketry passed harmlessly over. When we arose a few moments after with the orders to charge baynots [bayonets] the enemy had fled in the wildesd [wildest] confusion. Meanwhile our Gun boats [Gunboats] consisting of the Pembina, Ottawa and the Isac, [Isaac] Smith had shelled the enemy out of their breast works [breastworks] at the ferry and the marines had already occupied the battery when we came up[.] Night coming on the fighting ceased but we had gained a decisive victory with a trifling loss. We captured one large English cannon with abundance of amunition [ammunition]. During the night the enemy sent in a flag of truce asking permission to bury their dead, their request was granted, by Genl. Stevens[.] Heard the cars coming in all night with reinforcements to the enemy[.] Thus the New Year of 62 was opened to us with fire and iniated [initiated] us with blood, though learning the chivalrous Carolians [Carolinians] that northern hearts are as brave as southern[.]

Jan 2nd 1862
Our object being accomplished we again embarked on the Delaware and returned to Hilton Head. When we returned to camp our comrads [comrades] who were left behind had lighted up the camp it being late at night they had camp fires all ready [already] for us, making the whole surroundings on scene of

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illuminated beauty while the luried [lurid?] glare of the pine torches made fearful glares in our imaginated fancy. We ate our hardy suppur [supper] and wraped [wrapped] our blankets around us and soon sank into the arms of mirpheus [Morpheus].

Jan 12th 1862
All this interval we have again followed our old trade diging [digging]. But today the scene has been enlivend [enlivened], as our Regiment receives a beautiful stand of colors. Presented by the ladies of Brooklyn N.Y in behalf of the Adjutant's wife (Mrs. Goodell)[.] The Adjutant made an appropriate speech while Col. Perry responded very pleasently [pleasantly]. We gave three hearty Cheers for the fair sex of Brooklyn and three more for Mrs. Goodell.

Jan 25th 1862
Thank fortune we are through with diging [digging] for to day [today] we receive marching orders rather suddenly[.] At 2, PM Camp DuPont was in ruins for the tents had been struck half a hour previous. Every thing [Everything] being in readiness the Regt marched away with flying Colors and the Band playing[.] Reached, Seabrooks landing a bout [about] dark and began to look around for a place to roost, at last found a place laid down by the muskets, and had a good sleep. [two words crossed out] [eleven words crossed out] [ten words crossed out] [one word crossed out]

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Jan. 26th 1862
We embarked this morrning on the steamer Windfield [Winfield] Scott, destination unknown, near noon started and went up scull creek wich [which] lies and runs between Pickney [Pinckney] Island and Port, Royal. 6 PM came to an anchor in Calabogue [Calibogue] Sound[.] Can see Fort, Pulaski and the tall spires of Savannah. (The advance to Savannah.) The Gun, boats [gunboat] Ottawa bears our Company. While being at an anchor during the night off the east end of Dawfuski [Daufuskie] Corpl Dutche [Dutcher] of Co A, rose in his sleep and walked overboard and was drowned.

Jan 27th 1862
Have [Heave] up anchor this morning and proceeded up the Cooper, river, the Ottawa taking the advance and shelling the woods as we go along. Advanced 6 miles up the river untill [until] we came to Coopers landing, when the right wing [right-wing] recceived orders to disembark. Disembarking commenced at dark and, e're 9 PM this wing was landed, 10 PM took up the line of march at a quick step. Nothing impeded our march and toward morning arrived at Mrs. Dun's plantation laid down by the stacks of muskets, and sleep very comfortably, the remainder of the night. Meanwhile the left wing [left-wing] remained on board and continued on their way up the river and when opposite Pine, Island the steamar [steamer] struck a bar and soon became a total wreck. The left wing [left-wing] succeeded in escaping without the loss of a man.

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Jan 28th 1862
This morning arose and took a walk around to see how the land laid. Got a piece of raw pork served out to me for my breakfest, fryed [fried] it & had a very good meal. Quarters giving to Company F in the Cotton Gin house picked out my quarters on the first floor and made myself as home on a pile of Corn husks. Our Gun boats [Gunboats] fired a few shots at the rebel Boats passing down the Savannah river to Fort. Pulaski[.]

Feb 1st 1862
Col. Perry with the left wing[left-wing] also Genl Vile [Viele] and and [double and in diary] part of his staff came up to day [today] and joined us[.] In the afternoon laid out a camp in a beautiful grove of tall pines. named the Camp (Perry) in honor of our Col. We can see the tall spire of the exchange in Savannah and houses.& [& written above period] Smoke from the foundrys [foundries] from the hill lying in front of Camp, Perry. This is a beautiful place no pen can describe the magnificeince [magnificence] of the cenery [scenery] on Daufuskie Island. SC[.]

Feb 2th 1862
Today is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God and thow [thou] shalt keep it holy. O, yes, we keep it holy when we consider we are not turned in Goverment [Government] Mules by, backing logs from the woods to New River a short distance of 2 1/e [1/2?] miles. Serrels [Serrell's], Engineers cut the trees down, while we, tole um, as the niggers sayes [says] [.]

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We carry from 3 to 6 a day and we have got the blues, some when they tell us there is 40,000 tips to tote down to the, water[.]

Feb 3rd 1862
This morning wittnessed [witnessed] a brilliant little engagement of 63 - minnits[minutes], between our gun boats [gunboats] and Tatnalls [Tatnall's], Nusquitoe [Mosquito] fleet. Think Tatnall received the worse of the bargin [bargain] [.]

Feb. 3th 1862
Nothing going on to day [today], heard that the 48th had orders to build a battery somewhere in the vicinity of Savannah. think these logs wich [which] we carry down have something to do with future operations[.]

Feb. 6th 1862
Carrying logs today at double quick time, and the boys are pushing matters through. In the afternoon the Unadilla and the Isaec [Isaac], Smith went up New, River and shelled the rebels out and burned the houses to the ground.

Feb.7th 1862
Carrying logs to day [today] as usual carried my number (six) got through by dinner time, all for the Union[.]

Feb 8th 1862
Arose early this morning to revellie [reveille] and commenced to carry logs again, got through at noon, dress prade [parade] at sun set [sunset]. (pretty rough, Bill.)

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Feb. 9th 1862
At it again bright and early, went into, the, woods and procured my log, backed the log carried it down to the river, did not do so well today, got through after dinner. In the afternoon Major Beard and Lieutenant, O Rouke [?] made a scout around the main land [mainland]. Saw them when they came back. They spun a good yarn, and some trophies to show for it. A report circulated, that Beard has been with a boat, alongside the walls of Fort. Pulaski[.]

Feb 10th 1862
A squad of men from each company detailed to go up to Jones, Island, being one of the lucky ones did not haft to go. pretty rough place, they tell me[.] dress pa rade as usuel [usual].

Feb. 11th 1862
Raining hard this morning. detailed to go up to zones, Island. started from Camp Perry at 8 P.M. in the steamer may, Flower [Mayflower], arived [arrived] at Jones Island about 12 P. M[.] found it a hard looking place all I could see was mud and tall reeds. did not dare to cross the Island, had to lay at the head of mud river untill [until] dark. A rebel steamer from Savannah came pass the Island going to Fort Pulaski. we all thought our time had come. the boys commenced laying down behind sand bags, and amongst the reeds but fortunately they did not see us. We staid [stayed] to the lower

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end of the Island untill [until] dusk. When Major, Beard arived [arrived], and we commenced drawing the guns across the Island I was to work on a 30 pound Parot [Parrott]. the guns had to all be takeing [taking] a cross [across] on planks. We managed to get it across after a few hours hard work. I neaver [never] saw such a place as this is if you step off the plank you go up to your neck in the mud. Some are carrying sand bags and boards to build a magazine. the guns were all mounted (six in number.) at midnight, and there we stood bravely on the banks of the Savannah River, wishing for a rebel steamer to come down.

Feb 12th 1862
Left Jones. Island this morning at sun rise [sunrise] arived [arrived] at Camp, Perry at 8 Oclock. Vine [Fine?] speciman [specimen] of a Union soldier mud from top to bottom in about a inch thick, took a wash, and got something to eat turned in and took a sleep[.]

Feb. 14th 1862
Detailed to go to Jones. Island, about 9 AM arrived at the battery. This afternoon hoisted the Stars & Stripes for the first, gave three cheers, for the old flag that was steadily waveing [waving] towards Savannah. A rebel boat passed towards night fired a few shots at her, did her no damage. worked all night throwing up embankment to keep the water from getting around the guns.

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Feb. 15th 1862
Nothing going on this morning but anxiously looking out for the relief. About 3 PM commenced to rain hard during the storm, three rebel Gun, boats [Gunboats] came down to attack us. fought them 32 minuits [minutes] when they retreated. the flag boat, Everglade was badly damaged by receiving a shot among her machinery, they towed her back to the City. About dark took the small boats for. home. the night being dark and very stormy with a drunken, coxswain, came very near going to the bottom of Wright River, but however through good management succeeded in reaching Camp, Perry at 12, m [midnight?]

Feb. 21st 1862
Detailed to go up to the new battery on Birds Island started in the afternoon with three days rations. left Daufuskie in small boats. arived [arrived] at Bird Island after dark. Perkins Onderkirk, Dun [Dunn] and myself stationed on post No3, Serrells Engineers, mounted the guns that night. Commenced raining hard, & continuied [continued] all night.

Feb. 22th 1862
Built a hut to sleep in, out of Reeds and bords [boards]. Saw a rebel boat coming down Willimgton [Wilmington] river, fired a few shots at her. did not hit her. Lieut Nickols [Nichols] and a squad of men went out a scouting, saw a small boat, chased them & fired at them, but, Mr Rebel was to [too] smart for them[.]

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Feb. 23th 1862
On picket post No 3. a rebel boat attempted to run past our battery. the batterys [batteries] opened on her, and she put back a piece of a shell hit Hank Dun's [Henry Dunn] musket and broke it [.] we had just left, the shanty.

Feb. 24, 1862
On picket. Wind blowing very hard, our rations run out. caught a Aligator [Alligator] a foot long. got relieved at 10 Oclock at night. went over to Jones Island in small boats. while crossing Jones Island, fell of [off?] the planks into the mud. finely [finally] reached, mud river, laid there untill [until] high tide, and the left in the Gun, boat [Gunboat], Pedit. Arived [Arrived] at camp Perry at 6, Oclock in the morning[.]

Feb. 25th 1862
Arived [Arrived] in Camp hungry & tired. got something to eat, washed up, and turned in for a gay sleep. Saw Aligators [Alligators], for a month afterwards. Dress parade at night[.]

March 3rd 1862
Struck tents and embarked for Bird Island on the May. Flower [Mayflower], and arived [arrived] at the landing on the mud river side at 10 AM found the courderoy [corduroy] road in a very good condition for walking but at some parts had to wade through the water up to our waists. Found they had named the Battery Fort Vulcan.

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March 4th 1862
Crossed the Savannah river this morning in small boats to Bird, Island. Wind blowing almost a gale. got a cross [across] the river all right. Worked all day in putting up tents for the night. 

March 5th 1862 
Detailed to work on the Battery to day [today], began at 7 1/2 and worked untill [until] 12 m.[?] Whiskey served out to the men. worked all the afternoon untill [until] sun down [sundown].

March. 6th 1862
Throwing the mud this morning like good fellows and ditched a channel around, the whole space to keep the tide from running in our tents and overflowing what we have dug, awful didging [digging?] mud from head to foot[.] A boat got a drift [adrift] to day [today] from four men in Charley Perkins one of them. floated some ways up the river towards, Fort. Jackson. before they were picked up[.] Worked all day. Major Beard in command[.]

March 7th 1862
Still to work on the battery. named our “named our” written above “the battery”] Battery. Hamilton in honor of Captain, Hamilton, N.Y.A. The gun, boat [gunboat] O.M. Pettis [Pettit?], came into Savannah, River to day [today] through mud river, gave three cheers and fired a salute of four guns in honor of the occasion. this is the first gun. boat [gunboat] in the Savannah, River [.]

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March 8th 1862
Worked on the battery from 12 to sun set [sunset]. Fired five shots at a rebel stemer [steamer] up the river[.]

March 9th 1862
Started on a reconnoissance [reconnaisance]. 50 men in the party 15 of us went on Long, Island towards the fort. (Pulaski)[.] crossed 37 creeks and waded through mud and water up to our waists. had to string our cartridges boxes around our necks. Cut the telegraph, pools [polls?] down and destroyed the wire and was very successful. Towards night returned to the battery, none of the rest back yet. about dark heard some file [ rifle?] fireing [firing] thought the boys was attacked, sent to the rescue. after being mist [ almost?] drowned wading through mud returned, and found the boys at home. had a good laugh[.]

March, 11th 1862
Worked this morning on the battery. In the afternoon Genl Sherman and Veilie [Viele] came and paid us a visit[.] Mounted the, 10 inch Columbiad at. Fort, Vulcan Jones. Island, and at dark tried the range[.]

March 12th 1862
Lenged [lounged?] around all morning but this afternoon worked on the battery. 11 PM our pickets were fired on up the Savannah. Called out at midnight to go up and reinforce them. arrived there in time but the rebels had left.

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March 13th 1862
No work to day [today]. Heavy firing heard in the direction of Warsaw, Sound. This afternoon a rebel gun, boat, [gunboat] came down and opened on our battery's[batteries][.] Batteries returned the compliment in fine style[.] Think it is the iron clad [ironclad] boat, Fingal but soon saw that she was not iron clad [ironclad] for a shell from the, E.B. Hale, put her on fire. she left double quick[.] No damage done on our side.

March 14th 1862
Heavy fireing [firing] heard in, Warsaw, Sound, and Shiddaruay, [Skidaway] battery, (rebel) all morning, dont [don't] know what to make of it. This afternoon werked [worked] on the magazine and continued untill [until] sun down [sundown].

March. 15th 1862
Raining hard this morning and a strong stiff breeze blowing from the Ocean. on gaurd [guard] to day [today] and picket to night [tonight]. we go a bout [about] one mile and 1/2 up the Savannah River, and lay there untill [until] day light [daylight][.]

March 16th 1862
Arival [Arrival] of the mail, received a letter from home [.]

March 17th 1862
Worked all day on the Battery. Captain of the Gun, Boat [Gunboat], Western World found an infernal machine, near the fort (Pulaski) in the Savannah River[.]

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March 18th 1862
Working again to day [today]. In the afternoon Genl Veilie [Viele] and staff arrived. Genl Veile [Viele] condemned three, Parrott Guns. rifled. At night tide rose very hign coming up within 4 inches of the bottom of our tents. The tents placed on one foot timber, this was all that saved us from having an uncomfortable night. on gaurd [guard] post No1 in front of Major Beard quarters. when I got releived [relieved] pulled off my shoes and stockings and waded to the gaurd [guard] house and took a sleep. Bird Island under water.

March 19th 1862
Tide abateing [abating] gradually. Had orders to pack our duds for Dawfuskie [Daufuskie]. At, 2 P.M. Co I relieved us (Co F) [.] Crossed the Savannah. all right walked over the courderoy [corduroy] road on Jones, Island, to Mud, river. Commenced to rain hard towards night, wet through in no time. Two deserters came in. they were from Fort, Pulaski. they got a boat to go a oystering, and left for, Fort, Vulcan. they report six months provisions in the fort. About, 9 PM, boats arived [arrived] and took us off, awful night this raining in torrents blowing and thundering very hard. Lost our way in Wright, river and thought we would have a wattery [watery] grave. Storm abating, found our way and arrived at camp, midnight.


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March, 20th 1862
Taking a walk around generly [generally?]. 10 PM 6th Conn Regt , Vol, arived [arrived], and encamped in front of us, in the rear of the Genl quarters. Corpl Lyon very sick in the hispital [hospital] not expected to live.

March, 22, 1862
Perkins, Dun [Dunn], Onderkirk, Peek [Peck?], and myself went out into the woods to gather pines for our tent. Cleaned house today [today]. Cerpl [Corpl?] Charle,. [Charles?] G. Lyon died while out. and when we returned his death was announced to us. A man belonging to the 6th Conn. Vol accidentily [accidentally] shot and brought to out Camp Hospital[.]

March. 23rd 1862
Inspection of arms, and Knapsacks. At 3 P.M burried [buried] Cerpl [Corpl?] Lyon. The whole regiment compised [comprised] the funeral cortege. I being one of the escort. the Band played, a very mournful, dirge during the ceremony[.]

March 27th 1862
The last three days[ written above the word three], the usual, routine of Camp life, has passed. One of the Engineer Corpl died in our Hospital[.]

March 28th 1862
Nothing doing to day [today]. Burried [Buried] the men who died yesterday in our hospital, from the Engrs[.] our Band volunteered to lead the funerl [funeral] cerimonies [ceremonies] [.] Genl Hunter relieved, Genl Sherman.

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March. 29th 1862
Raised a flag staff to day [today] on the regimental parade ground. Henry, C. Dunn, taking very sick during the night. thought he was dying. helped him all I could. suppised [supposed?] to be spasmodic fits.

March 30th 1862
Henry, C. Dunn had another fit this morning in the Company, St [?]. he was then taking to the Hospital[.] The Brigade, surgeon, came to see him in the afternoon and pronounced his disease, Dropsey [Dropsy].

March. 31st 1862
Dunn, somewhat, easy this morning. think he is all right now. Mrs. Spooner, a lady from Brooklyn N. York arived [arrived] in camp this afternoon. she came after her sick Son, Sergent, [Sergeant] Spooner, of Co A. The Atlantic, has arrived with the mail at, Hilton, Head[.]

April 1st 1862
Went to see Dunn this morning and found, him improving, fast. Nothing going on to day [today] of any account[.]

April 2nd 1862
Arrival [Arrival] of the mail at Camp. Received a letter from home. Dunn came out of the hospital. Capt Green, thinks he will get his discharge[.] Dress parade at sunset[.]

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April 5th 1862
[line skipped in diary]
The regiment went on a clam bake to Hagnes, [Haynes] Point. prepared by the members of Co H. Marched 6 miles to reach there. made out to get four clams, and 8 or 10 oysters and pleanty [plenty] of sand in my throat, and lungs. after indulging in these luxuries, we returned to camp[.]

April 7th 1862
Heavy fireing [firing] in the direction of Fort. Pulaski. 25 men, including myself under the command of Capt. Green, embarked on the gun boat [gunboat] O.M. Pettit and went up at the junction of Cooper and New river's [.] layed there all night, and nothing disturbed us, though in the early part of the, evening rebels was seen on the wreck of the Winfeild [Winfield]. Scott.

April 8th 1862
Received our pay up to the first of March[.] Indulged in a few, luxuries bought at the Suttlers[Sutler?][.]

April 9th 1862
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Post No3. Arival [Arrival] of the mail, received a letter from Andrew, Barhyot[.]

April 10th 1862
Bombardment of Fort, Pulaski. Commenced at 8 O Clock precisely. was on post, when the first gun was fired. Soon as I got relieved went up to the Genls quarters, as fas as possible and secured

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a fine view, and while sitting there the long roll beat to quarters, ran back to secure my arms & amunition [ammunition] and fell in line. After the regiment was formed, we stacked arms and was dismissed, with permission to watch the bombardment. 9 A.M the whole shore of Tybee had opened upon the Fort. Firing continuied [continued] all day and night without any pausing whatever[.]

April 11th 1862
No cessation of firing this morning, firing is more [line skipped in diary] rapid, than yesterday. At long intervals the Fort replies, but they appear to be giving in. 2 and 30 minnits [minutes] P. M the rebel flag came down the Fort has surrenderd [surrendered]. the bombardment, lasted 36 hours[.]

April 12th 1862
This morning the Stars & strips [stripes] are waving from the ramparts for Pulaski. The fleet runs up the river
to the Fort.

April 13th 1862
Col. Perry and, Dr. Mulford goes to the Fort[.] varius [various] rumors circulating in Camp that we are to garrison the, Fort. A great deal of grumbling at, the receipt of this news.

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April 17th 1862
Packed our knapsacks for Bird, Island ariving [arriving] there 3, P.m releived [relieved] Company, B.

April 18th 1862
The rebels are busy to day [today] driving spiles in the channel off Elba, Island. Theyre [There] appears to be great excitement towards the City (Savannah) as the rebel steamers are running forward and backwards, night and day. They think their time has come.

April 19th 1862
The Unadilla came in the Savannah river to day [today] throught [through?], Wright river[.] One rebel steamer came down off Elba, Island to watch the proceedings of the Unadilla[.] The Unadilla comes up the river and anchors off Fort, Vulcan[.]

April 20th 1862
Private, James,] Walker a memenber [member] of Co F was buried at Dawfuskie [Daufuskie].

April 21st 1862
Raining very hard. Two deserters from Thunderbolt, Battery, (rebel) came in they report. a reign of terror in the City. (Savannah) Lieut Wallace detailed to take them down to Genl Veile's [Viele's] head quarters [headquarters] at Dawfuskie [Daufuskie]. The, Western, World comes in the Savannah, river, through Wright river and anchors off Fort. Vulcan.

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April 22nd 1862
Nothing going on to day [today]. At night the rebel gunboats running all night. Capt L.E. Lyon, started for home in the Atlantic. the remains of his brother, Corpl C.G. Lyon also went north in the Atlantic[.] [line skipped in diary]

April 23rd 1862
Commenced making a plank road to run over the guns, from the battery Hamilton. they [the?] report is we are to evacuate Hamilton and Vulcan, Batteries[.]

April 24th 1862
Removing some of the guns, to the waters edge. The steamer Boston came up, Wright, river, and had a brig in tow for Tybee. The gun boat [gunboat] O. M. M. Pettit came up to the Unadilla with dispatches, and then went down to the Fort.

April 25th 1862 
Western, World goes into, Wright, river. comes to an anchor, off the mouth of the river. Most frose [froze] to death at night[.]

April 26th 1862 
Co F, releived [relieved] by a company of the 28th Mass. In this afternoon reached Dawfuskie [Daufuskie]. The whole Regiment together to day [today] first time in three months.

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May 4th 1862
Henry. C. Dunn starts for home to day [today]. Col. Perry neaver [never] drills his men on Sunday. O, no, only four hours drill to day [today], with preaching in the woods. for the special benefit of us. sinners.

May 10th 1862
Evacuation of Jones and Bird Island's by the troops. A Sgt of the 7 Conn. Vol with 6 men went up the Savannah, river, with a flag of truce, for the purpose of rreturning a young man who was left on Hilton, Head badly, wounded. the Sargt was held at Savannah as a prisoner, beause he did not go through the proper cerimonies [ceremonies] attending a flag of truce.

May 11th 1862
The usuel [usual] sunday company inspection[.]

May 12th 1862
The emancipation, proclamation of Genl Hunter'sread to the troops declaring all the slaves free now in South, Carolina, Georgia and, Florida. Major Hane and Col. Moore of the 47th N.Y.S.V refuse to read the proclamation, to the Regiment. Placed under arrest by Genl Hunter. The right wing[right-wing] of the 28th Mass, Vol goes to Tybee, Island[.]

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May 13th 1862
A flag of truce came down from Savannah with sealed dispatches for Genl Hunter. A report current that they wish to surrender the City of Savannah[.]

May 14th 1862
Rained mor [more?] or less all day. Detailed to go on picket[.] A terrific thunder storm [thunderstorm] occured [occurred] during the night. Lightning struck a private who stood at his post on gaurd, [guard] instantly killing him. He belonged to the 3rd R.I. Regt Vol, Artillery[.]

May 16, 1862
Genl Hunter, went up the Savannah river on the May Flower [Mayflower] with a flag of truce. He endevourd [endeavored] to liberate the Sargr of the 7th Conn. Vol. but got no satisfaction. Genl Hunter begins to show his love and esteem for the Niggers by organizeing [organizing] the 1st South, Carolina, Vol.

May 17th 1862
Rained hard all day. Col. Perry goes to Hilton Head.

May 23th 1862
The 6th Conn and the 28th Mass. broke camp this morning and marched tor Hagnes, [Haynes] Point[.] they are bound for Edisto near Charlston S.C. think we are off to morrow[tomorrow] [.]

May 24, 1862
Struck tents this morning and the Regiment marched to Cooper, river, where Co. G was stationed. A squad of men from each company detailed to stay back and, take

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care of the baggage. I being one of them. We embarked on the steamer, Mattano, from Daufuski [Daufuskie] Island did not have far to walk. arrived at Fort, Pulask [Pulaski] after dark. Sleep on board the Mattano all night[.] during the night commenced raining very hard.

May 25th 1862
Went a shore [ashore] just day brake [daybreak] this morning. took breakfest with the 7th Conn. Vol. fresh bread and Coffee[.] The, Regt arrived in the afternoon. Perkins Onderkirk, Peek [Peck?] and myself went to work and put up a tent for the night[.] Rained all day.

May 26, 1862
Went inside of the Fort, and took a survey of the affects of the terrific, bombardment. The 7th Conn. Vol are inside as the garrison.

May 27th 1862
Buisey [busy] fixing up our tent. took a walk around Cockspur. Island. Onderkirk and my self [myself] went a fishing[.]

May 28th 1862
The Henry, Andrews and the Western, World, go up the Savannah, river to day[today] and lay off the evacuated batteries. 16 rebel prisoners sent to Hilton Head.

June 1st 1862
The 7th Conn. Vol left the Fort to day [today] and embarked on the steamer Cosmopolitan bound for Edisto. 40 men detailed to bring the 46th Regt N.Y.SV

[Page] 35

from Tybee, Island. Called up out of our tents at midnight[.] at day break [daybreak] we started after them. the 46th embarked on the Cosmopolitan bound for Edisto. Dress, parade at sun set [sunset]. Detailed to go and report to the signel [signal] officer Lieut, Rushby. went on duty at night, watched three hours and 1/2[.] sleep under the gun Jeff, Davis in the Ramparts.

June 2nd 1862
Struck tents to day [today] and moved inside the Fort[.] In the afternoon Co F selects quarters, in the north end[.] Perkins and myself went to work and fixed a bunk. going to bunk together. pleanty [plenty] of flees and mosquitoes. went on watch at night.

June 3rd 1862
Raining hard all day did not haft [have] to watch on the station[.]

June 3rd 1862 [duplicate date in diary]
A, boats crew arrived from the, Vandalia bringing with them contrabands Ossabaw, sound. Burrial [Burial] of garriside [?] of Co I.

June 16th
Raining and blowing almost a gale. A, Schooner laying off, Tybee trying hard to beat off from the shore. At night put up a light for her, at the same time up a light in the light house [lighthouse] on Tybee and a nother [another] in the beacon off Goats Point[.]

[Page] 36

June 17th 1862
A, terrible storm raging. The schooner lies on her side, on the bar off the west end of Cockspur, Island. The crew is signalizening [signalizing] from the wreck. a boat put off in the storm and rescued them from a watery grave. It proved to be a Sutlers, Schooner, loaded with stores Claret wine, Champagn [Champagne] and Lager Beir [Bier German for beer] floated a shore in abundance. Such a time cannot be described[.] Gaurd [Guard] house and Dungeon, full[.]

June 18th 1862
Perhaps the events of yesterday had something to do with the death of our Col. James. H., Perry died suddenly in his quarters, 3 P.M of disease of the heart. sick only a few minuits [minutes]. Our flag is at half, mast while gloom hangs over us all. No words can pen how he was esteemed and respected by his Regiment. His death is a bitter loss to us for he was the soldiers friend in time of troubles.

June 19th 1862
To day [Today] we took our final look at Col. Perry, his body lies in state in his quarters. All hands in the gaurd [guard] house, released.

June 20th 1862
At 11 AM, buried the mortal remains of Col. Perry, his grave is outside the moat on the mound of north side. The rebel steamer Ida

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came down from, Savannah with a flag of truce, bringing a lady and three other persons.

June 30th 1862
Co F receives orders for Tybee, to releive [relieve] Co A, at th [the] Martello, Tower. The Regiment got musterd [mustered] in for two months pay. Did not haft [have] to go to Tybee[.] drawed rations with Co. A.

July 3rd 1862
A, flag of truce went up the, Savannah, river, with two, rebel prisoners. left them at the Rice, Mills[.]

July 4th 1862
Beautiful day. not much of a fourth in Dixie[.] fired a salute of, 13 guns. Went over to Dawfuskie [Daufuskie] Island in the afternoon, took a walk around our old camp ground. Co B doing picket duty over there. returned about Sun down [Sundown[.] Major O. T. Beard made a speeck [speech?] to the Regt. fiew [view?], fire works in the evning [evening].

July 8th 1862
Company, F arrived from, Tybee this afternoon. CompanyD, relieved, them. Srgt Charles. E. Wykoff. fell off theMartello, Tower a distance of 50 ft. and broke his ankle a severe compound fracture, think he will recover. The steamer, Burnside arrived with provisions[.]

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July 9th 1862
The, steamer, Burnside, left with the remains of our late Col. (Perry)[.] Capt Green accompanies the remains with an escort, a salute fired from the Fort, as the boat leaves the, South dock[.]

July, 29th 1862 
Up to this time nothing going on, on account of the warm weather. The long roll, beat about midnight, turned out, and fell in line expecting to have a fight, however the night passed over without an attack.

Aug. 10th 1862
Nothing passed of any account, though we are expecting the rebel ram, Fingal. The rebel steamer, Genl Lee came down this morning, with a flag of truce, bringing a lady and a Boy. They undertook to return, without orders and the Fort, opened upon them, they not, heaving to, the big Thomas, Folks was dispatched in chase of them, with one gun. After a short, chase and a few shots from the tug, they hove to, and we took them prisoners. Detailed to go on gaurd [guard] over the rebel prisoners on bord [board] of the Genl Lee[.] got relieved at dusk.

Aug 11th 1862
The prisoners from the, Genl Lee, taken to Hilton, Head. Genl Hunter, released them, and their steamer and they went on their way rejoysing [rejoicing] [.]

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Aug. 31st 1862
The steamer, Emma (rebel) attempted to run the blockade, with a cargo of Cotton, during the night. she, ran a ground [aground], on the bar off the mouth of, Wright, river. The crew escaped with small boats after setting her on fire, she burned to the waters edge. Genl Mitchel relieved Genl Hunter[.]

Sep 18th 1862
Genl Mitchel, and staff arrived in the steamer, Ben Deford. The regiment escorted him to the Fort, while the Fort fired a salute. The regiment closed colum [column] by division the right in front, when the Genl made a very appropiate[appropriate] speech to the troops, the troops cheered lustily for the old vetern [veteran]. He promises plenty of activity[.]

Sep 24th 1862
Scouting party on the Gun boat [Gunboat], Plantor [Planter] went to Bull, Island to capture rebel, pickets[.] Beauregard prepared to attack the Fort. Today the first plesent [pleasant] day for a week mud knee deep. Two rebel soldiers deserted from a battery on Warsaw river and came to the Fort. they had to swim creeks and swamps for ten miles, arrived in an almost starved condition[.]

Sep 25th 1862
Gun boat [Gunboat] Plantor [Planter] returned, the rebels, having shown our men their heels. Srgt C.E. Wykoff[Wyckoff?] went to Hilton Head, to get a furlough or discharge[.]

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Sep 26, 1862
Flag of truce from Savannah releasing Mr. and Mrs[.] Spencer of Brooklyn N.Y. Signel [Signal] lights seen in the direction of Bird Island[.]

Sep 27th 1862
Arivel [Arrival] of Genl Terry and staff. He is received by the booming of Cannon and a parade of the Regiment[.] Mail arrived from the Head, received a letter from home[.]

Sep 28th 1862
Company inspection at wich [which] our Capt (Lockwood) orderd [ordered] us to repair our rifles for immediate use as he expected we would soon have an opportunity to meet the enemy[.]

Sep 29, 1862 and [written vertically] 30th
All in good spirits. Cool and plesent [pleasant]. Left wing ordered not to furnish any gaurd [guard]. Soon after received ordersto prepare for the expidition [expedition], two days rations cooked. Formed in line at 12, O,Clock monday night on the parade ground and after a speech from Col. Barton, telling us to act like brave men, we embarked on the gun boat [gunboat] Plantor [Planter] and, Starlight. When off Braddocks [Braddock],Point, (Hilton, Head Island) hove to, to take the signel [signal] officer on bord [board]. We the proceeded up Calibogue, Sound, to Blufton [Bluffton], river, arriveing [arriving] at the first rebel picket station about day light. Got out of the Channel during a dense fog and grounded, wich [which] impeded our progress, for some time, soon as the for arose the rebel Cavelry [Cavalry] picket discovered us, and left in a hurry

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towards the town, of Blufton [Bluffton]. When the gun boats [gunboats] was againa float [afloat], we landed. Had to jump into the water up to our waists. scouts was immediately sent out and formed in line of battle in a Rice field and took up line of march for Blufton [Bluffton], under cover of our gun boats [gunboats]. The rebels were shelled while our boats were sailing up the river. 12 O,Clock we arived [arrived] at, Blufton [Bluffton], found the town deserted[.] rested about fifteen or twenty minuits [minutes] and then pursued the enemy, the un boats [gunboats] shelling them furiously as they proceeded up the river. after pursuining [pursuing] them five miles beyond the town, we discoverd [discovered] the rebels, were more proficient in the art of double quicking than the left wing of the 48th and convinced that they would not make a stand, Col. Barton, orderd [ordered] us to halt, at the plantation of, Col. Crowell. from this residence the occupants fled, leaving a good dinner on the table, the house was handsomley [handsomely] furnished, and much of the furniture was placed on the gunboats[.] After sending a few more shells to Mr. Rebels we retraced our steps, and embarked on bord [board] of the Plantor [Planter][.] on our way back stoped [stopped] at Blufton [Buffton] and strolled through the beautiful groves, and many valuable articles were taking [taken?] including two pianos, this being accomplished and night approaching we returned to the Fort. arriving at 9, O Clock at night[.]

Oct. 1st 1862
Had a good rest, slep [slept] sound all night. reddy [ready] to go a gain [again]. gun boat [gunboat] Plantor [Planter] and starlight, with a detachment

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of the 3rd R. I art [artillery?]went up the Savannah river and shelled, Fort, Jackson, and a battery by the Rice mills[.] silenced the battery.

Oct 2nd 1862
The rebel ram in sight up the river probably placed there to prevent our gun boats [gunboats] from shelling them again. The Band left for New. York[.]

Oct. 10th 1862
Detailed to go and work on the gun boat [gunboat] , Plantor [Planter] [.] Perkins, Onderkirk and myself went to work fixing her boilor [boiler] worked on the heator [heater][.]

Oct 11th 1862
To work on the Plantor [Planter], had a pretty dirty job worked all day and part of the night. Rained very hard all night.

Oct. 12th 1862
Went to work to day [today] as usiuel [usual]. Weather dark and [written vertically] Cloudy[.] worked all day and part of the night. Rained most of the night[.]

Oct 13th 1862
Finished work this morning. Weather Cloudy[.]

Oct. 14th 1862 
Gun boat [Gunboat] Plantor [Planter] and [written vertically] George, Washington with Company E and [written vertically] G, went to Blufton Bluffton] to destroy the Salt, Works wich [which] they succeeded in doing after a slight skirmish with the enimys [enemies] Cavalry[.]

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Oct 17th 1862
Three rebel Soldiers from, Savannah, arrived this morning. deserted from the rebel army a few days ago. they repirt [report] the rebel army in Chambersburg, Penn.

Oct. 18th 1862
The gun boat [gunboat] Plantor, [Planter], left. at. 9 O.Clock P. M went above Blufton [Bluffton], SC. and [written vertically] met the Negro, Scout, at the appointed place and [written vertically] while on the way down, the river, and nearly oppisite [opposite] Blufton [Bluffton], a large, force of the enemy pourd [poured] a volley, into the boat, wounding Corpl. Daran [alternative name Duran], of Co. B. very severely. the Rho. I. art. threw grape and Canister with good effect into the ranks of the enemy, who was concealed, in the woods. Co B and [written at angle]3rd R.I. art. being too small a force, to land. Col. Barton was not able, to ascertain the number, of wounded, rebels and after shelling them for some time the Plantor [Planter] returned to Fort. Pulaski[.] The negro scout, met with many narrow escapes -- at one time hearing the sound, of the tramps of horses, concluded he had better climb a tree, and [written vertically] no sooner had he reached, the top when a rebel picket gaurd [guard], came under the tree, and [written vertically] watered his horse[.]--- poor Sambo. of Fort Pulaski, thought he was a gone coon. but he was undiscoverd [undiscovered] [.]

Oct. 19th 1862
Corpl. Duran [alternative name Daran] still alive, and [written diagonally] hope he will recover. This morning a boat from Savannah, arrived, at the north dock, containing a Corpl, and [written diagonally] two Soldiers of the confederate army. the Corpl was a resident of Maine and [written diagonally] was a School

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teacher in a souhern [southern] town. he made up his mind to escape and [written diagonally] while stationed on the Savannah, river, as picket made an excuse, to scout, beyond the lines to discover the Yankies” [Yankees] and [written diagonally] placing his own Rifle and [written diagonally] those of his men in stern of the boat the men commenced to row, while he was pilot. after ariving [arriving] beyond the, rebel, lines he drew a Revolver and [written diagonally] told the men to row him to Fort, Pulaski, or he would blow their brains out. This command the Georgia, Crackers refused to do at first -- but when they saw, the Corpl about to execute his purpose they acceded to his request and [written diagonally] rowed to the Fort, and [written diagonally] upon ariving [arriving] orderd [ordered] the men to jump a shore when wharf gaurd [guard] of the 48th held the prisioners [prisoners] of war, and [written diagonally] the (Maine) Corpl who was in the same Regiment was the Lion of the day with the 48th [curved line flourish]

Oct 20th 1862 [as written in diary] 
Death of Corpl Duran [Daran], of Co. B who was wounded during recent skirmish at, Blufton [Bluffton] S.C. He was buried to day [today] at 3, O,Clock[.] the Regiment escorted his remains to the grave.

Oct. 21st 1862
Received orders last night at 12 O,clock to proceed to Hilton, Head and [written diagonally] join the expidition [expedition]. Accordingly six Companys [Companies] of the 48th and [written diagonally] the 3rd Rho. I. art with ten days rations, embarked on bord [board] the Gun boat [Gunboat] Planter this morning at 8 1/2 O,Clock and [written diagonally] proceeded to Hilton, Head ariving [arriving] there at 4, O'Clock P.M. troops embarking rapidaly [rapidly] on gun boats [gunboats], transports -- Scows and [written diagonally] other crafts. after

[Page] 45

receiving an addional [additional] supply of Wood we sailed to the rendevous, of the fleet, to await the starting signel [signal]. at midnight the signel [signal] was displayed and [written diagonally] the fleet moved off in line of Battle to its destination wich [which] of course was unknown to us, all in fine spirits with the expectation of success[.]

Oct. 22nd 1862
At early dawn the fleet arived [arrived] off Mackey's Point and [written diagonally] soon after the troops all disembarked, except the 48th and [written diagonally] 3rd R.I. Art. and [written diagonally] Co F of Serrell, Engineers under command of Col. Barton, and [written diagonally] immediately took up line of march fir [for], Freshet, Bridge near Pocotalgio. met the rebels, marching to give to give us battle. drove them back across, a bridge wich [which] was burned in their retreat and [written diagonally] stoped [stopped] the pursiut [pursuit]. Meeting this force was unexpected and [written diagonally] the destruction of the bridge, renderd [rendered] a retreat necessary. this Genl Brannan immediatly [immediately] orderd [ordered ] and [written diagonally] while retreating discoverd [discovered] a large force of the enimy [enemy] had cut off the retreat without a desperate fight, of course the battle commenced our troops charged several batteries and [written diagonally] captured two, but the rebels, with overwhelming force compelled our troops to abandon [last 3 letters of abandon written diagonally] them, after sic] the guns where [were?] spiked, our troops cut their way through the rebel ranks but had to leave many dead and [written diagonally] wounded on the field. Col. Barton's force landed further up the Coosawhatchie, River, and [written diagonally] took up line of march for the rail road Bridge. We soon came upon the enimys [enemies] Cavalry and [written diagonally] continued to advance judging the rebel cavalry to be mounted pickets. The Engine's whistle was heard a

[Page] 46

short distance from us and [written diagonally] we then knew, Beauregard was reinfircing [reinforcing] the gaurd [guard]at the Bridge's. on we went untill [until] shirmishers [skirmishers] reported they where [were?] on the track and [written diagonally] the train was fast approaching[.] Had we arived [arrived] five minuits [minutes] sooner, the cars woudl have been thrown off the track, but as it passed it received a perfect shower of bullets and [written diagonally] grape and [written diagonally] Canister. Our 12 pound Howitzer tore off the top of the Car the engineer was killed. The cars where [were ?] loaded with soldiers and [written diagonally] many were killed and [written diagonally] wounded. (rebel accounts 15 killed and [written diagonally] 30 wounded)[.] Another train with soldiers had just went by a few moments before we arrived. We advanced still further the Engineer's tire [tore ?] up the track and [written diagonally] cut the telegraph wires and [written diagonally] polls [poles] down. We marched through the villiage [village] of Coosawhatchie to a point near the rail road and [written diagonally] almost oposite [opposite] the battery the shirmishers [skirmishers] drove back the rebel Cavalry and [written diagonally] we advanced untill [until] the battery opened on us with shell, but their fire passed over our heads[.] Col. Barton would have charged the battery if he thought his retreat could be made after, his force being entirely too small to repell [repel] the superior numbers of the enimy [enemy]. In the meantime a Rebel. Regiment was marching from Graham. , Ville [Grahamville] and [written diagonally] several from the direction of Charleston to attack us but our timely retreat prevented the, rebels from getting in our rear and [written diagonally] although the enemys [enemies] Cavalry were closely following us the dense woods prevented them from charging on us thus making our retreat successful untill [until] nearly all the troops were reembarked on the Gun Boat [Gunboat], Plantor, [Planter] then the

[Page] 47

rebels pourd [poured] volleys into our little band, the men remaming [remaining] on shore returned the fire briskley [briskly] untill [until], the R. I Art manned the Guns on the Plantor [Planter] and [written diagonally] sweep the enemy from the enemy from the Bluff. This enabled all to embark on the Plantor [Planter] but she was hard a ground on account of the low tide and [written diagonally] the enemy discovering our dredful [dreadful] position reappeard [reappeared][.] it was then that the brave Lieut Blandon fell to the deck shouting, mann [man] your guns, men. Col Barton and [written diagonally] Major. Green, acted bravely during the engagement and encourged [encouraged] the men. the troops behaved splendidly. when the rebels saw our boat floating they again pourd [poured] several volleys into our dear Plantor, [Planter] but our terible [terrible] reply silenced the traitors and [written diagonally] we returned to the rendevous of the fleet. at Mackey's point [Mackey Point] about dark met our other troops and [written diagonally] laid there all night under the protection of the Gunboats. at early dawn our pickets were drawn, in our artilery [artillery] checked the rebel advance. The 48th escaped miraculously - onely [only] a few slightly wounded. - the 76th and [written diagonally] 47 Penn. Regts. lost severely. also the 7th Conn. Regt other Regiments lost a few killed and [written diagonally] wounded.

Oct 23rd 1862
The sad scenes, of war were seen to day [today] among the wounded. the steamer Ben, Defird [Ben Deford] conceyed [conveyed?] the wounded to the Head. Lieut Blanden [Blandon?] remained on board of the Plantor [Planter]. At dawn the troops reembarked and [written diagonally] returned to the Head, the expidition [expedition] though a

[Page] 48

failure proved to be a very successful reconnoisance [reconnaisance] for future expiditions [expeditions]. After receiveing [receiving] orders at the Head, started for, Fort. Pulaski, arriveing [arriving] there at 11 Oclock at night. Came near being wrecked on account of the numerous bars and [written diagonally] the fog. [line skipped in diary]

Oct. 24,th 1862
No drill - no gaurd [guard] furnished - so had a good chance to rest. The 48th under marching orders, expect to try it again[.]

Oct 25th 1862
On gaurd [guard] to day [today] rainy and [written diagonally] unplesant [unpleasant] Lieut Blanden [Blandon?] very low. Corpl Williams went to Tybee Island on picket.

Oct 26 1862
Two rebel soldiers arived [arrived] this morning with Savannah. papers giving account of the attack and [written diagonally] battle. They call the 48th g\Guerrillas and [written diagonally] threaten to hang us if captured for fireing [firing] into their train and [written diagonally] also reported 300 of the 48th put to their heels and [written diagonally] that they buried 80 of our dead. The report of their loss by the 48th amounted to 40 killed and [written diagonally] 6 wounded including their loss at the Rail Road and [written diagonally] the attack on us while retreating[.] [line skipped in diary]

Oct. 27th 1862
Clear and [written diagonally] cold, drill this morning with overcoats double quick.

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Oct. 28th 1862
Plantor [Planter] arived [arrived] for Hilton, Head, about dark with a small mail and [written diagonally] express. the paymaster arived [arrived] also Genl Mitchell [Mitchel] very ill [.]

Oct. 29th 1862
The Regt received two months pay to day [today]. Official report of the killed and [written diagonally] wounded, at the battle of. Pocotaligo amounts to 50 killed and [written diagonally] 250 wounded[.]

Oct. 30th 1862
Genl Beauregard demands the evacuation of Hilton, Head Island in 36 hours. Genl Brannan replies that he cannot retake it in 36 years. Genl Mitchell [Mitchel] and [written diagonally] staff sick with fever. his Son, Capt Mitchell [Mitchel] very low. Rumor of the 48th being orderd [ordered] to Beaufort, S.C[.]

Oct 31st 1862
Death of Genl Michell [Mitchel]. died last night with the fever. Capt. Lockwood went to Braddocks Point [Braddock Point] for the mail. Communication stoped [stopped] for a time betwen [between] Hilton, Head and [written diagonally] the Fort[.]

Nov 2nd 1862
I was awakend [awakened] this morning about 3, O,Clock by heavy artilery [artillery] fireing [firing] on the Ramparts of the Fort[.] A rebel steamer trying to run the blockade. lights seen in the direction of Wright river and [written diagonally] Mungens House, on Daufuskie Island. do not now [know?] wether [whether?] the Steamer was successful or not. detailed to go on guard[.] [guard written above the d of guard and to go on]

[Page] 50

Nov. 3rd 1862
Genl Saxton visited the 48th to day [today][.] the Regt received Scales (privets [Private's] epulets [epaulets])[.] [line skipped in diary]

Nov. 4th 1862
Co K and [written diagonally] 3rd Rho. Art. left on the Plantor [Planter] for a scout on. Daufuskie, Island. Boat returned 
no rebels on the Island[.]
Major. Genl O[.] M. Mitchell [Mitchel] died at Beaufort. S.C[.] October 30, 1862[.]

Nov. 10th 1862
Sohr. [?] Virginia. Price arived [arrived] with heavy Cannon[.] Co F. and [written diagonally] Serrell, Engineers to work changing the pisition [position] of the magazine, to prevent the Rebel Ram, from blowing us to atoms in case Fort Pulaski is attacked.

Nov. 11th 1862
Steamer. George, Washington arived [arrived] with a load of old, Brick. detailed to and [written diagonally] help enload [unload?] her[.]

Nov. 12th 1862
Steamer George, Washington left for Beaufort, S C. The 48th to drill on artillery to be ready for the Ram[.]

Nov. 17th 1862
Co F. on. fatigue mounting heavy, guns on the ramparts[.] expect the ram to attack the Fort in a few days[.]

[Page] 51

Nov. 24th 1862
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard] -- post. No 7 on the Ramparts. -- pleasant day.

Nov. 25th 1862
Came off gaurd [guard] this morning. All hands buisey [busy] preparing for. thanksgiving. Mail arived [arrived] received a letter from home. Weather Cool and [written diagonally] pleasent [pleasant][.]

Nov. 26th 1862
Detailed to go on fatigue. most of the Regiment on fatigue, preparing for thanksgiving, triming [trimming] the walls of the Fort, with evergreens. Cold and [written diagonally] pleasent [pleasant][.]

Nov. 27th 1862
To day [Today] is thanksgiving, a beautiful day. our chaplain (Strickland) preached a very fine sermon[.] after the sermon was over, the order of the day commenced with target practice -- then boat racing in the Afternoon[.] Genl Brannan and [written diagonally] Terry and [written diagonally] several other officers arived [arrived]. Dress parade at sunset[.] in the evening a boat from Beaufort SC arived [arrived] with several ladies. the officers had a dance and [written diagonally] a grand Supper. all hands had a good time Generely [Generally]. Lieut Col. O. M. Beard [Oliver T. Beard?] came through the quarters and [written diagonally] made a speech.

Nov. 28th 1862
No drill, think some of the officers were pretty tired last night by the looks of this morning[.] [morning written diagonally partially over the word this]

[Page] 52

Nov. 29th 1862
Drilled on big, guns in the mirning [morning]. attended the funeral of, Daniel, a member of Co F[.]

Nov 30th 1862
Regimental inspection, dress parade at sunset[.]

Dec 1st 1862
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Lieut Miller officer of the gaurd [guard] -- post No 5. Saw a light up the Savannah, River.

Dec. 2nd 1862
Came off gaurd [guard]. Cleaned my equipments for dress parade.

Dec 3rd 1862
Weather dark and [written diagonally] cloudy -- drilled baynet [bayonet] in the morning and [written diagonally] artillery in the afternoon.commenced raining about 5 O,Clock. no dress parade[.]

Dec. 4th 1862
Raining this morning no drill. Wrote a letter to my mother. mail arived [arrived] from the Head on the steamer Cosmopolitan. drilled on big guns in the afternoon -- no dress parade[.]

Dec 5th 1862
received a pass this morning to visit, Hilton Head and [written diagonally] Beaufort and [written diagonally] return in 48 hours. -- embarked on the steamer Cosmopolitan. run a ground opisite [opposite] seebrooks [seabrook?], landing and [written diagonally] had to lay there untill [until] high tide[.]

[Page] 53

arived [arrived] at Hilton, Head a bout [about] 4, O,Clock. stoped [stopped] over night [overnight] at the Port, Royel [Royal] House. Rained most of the night.

Dec 6th 1862
Onderkirk and [written diagonally] myself took a walk around. found Hilton, Head as dusty as ever. took Breakfast at Grays, Coffee and [written diagonally] dining salon. Started for Beaufort SC in the afternoon on the steamer Mattano[.] arived [arrived] at Beaufort about dark. stoped [stopped] over night with one of the 8th Maine Boy's [.]

Dec. 7th 1862
Beautiful. Sabbath. cold and [written diagonally] plesant [pleasant]. arose about Sun rise [Sunrise]. took a walk a round [around] the City of Beaufort SC. saw, several contrabands going to church. Our pass being up by noon we concluded to go to Hilton Head. we embarked on the steamer Mattano and [written diagonally] arived [ararived] at the Head a bout [about] noon. went to church in the afternoon. Text 14 Chap of Numbers and [written diagonally] 21st Verse[.] [line skipped in diary]

Dec 8th 1862
arose this morning bright and [written diagonally] early. Expected to get to Fort. Pulaski. went to Capt Fullers, Office to see if they was a boat going to Pulaski. he said he thought they would be one going to morrow [tomorrow]. Went to the 47th Camp and [written diagonally] stoped [stopped] all night -- tired of Hilton Head[.]

[Page] 54

Dec 9th 1862
Took breakfast with the 47th N. Y[.] went down to the wharf to see when they was a boat going to the Fort[.] staid [stayed] around untill [until] long in the afternoon and [written diagonally] then found that they was no boat going to day [today]. Stoped [Stopped] with Corpl Haley 47th [.] went over with him to the 3rd Rhod [Rhode] Islaner [Islander?] Camp, and [written diagonally] heard some Banjo playing and [written diagonally] singing. spent a very pleasent [pleasant] evening.

Dec. 10th 1862
Arose this morning as usiuel [usual]. Onderkirk and [written diagonally] myself, started to see what luck we would have to day [today][.] went to Capt. Fullers, Office and [written diagonally] enquired when they was a Boat. going to Pulaski. he said that he would send one at 3 O,Clock. five Companys [Companies] of the 114 N.Y.S.V came ashore[.] their boat was condemed [condemned] they belonget [belonged] to the Banks expidition [expedition]. I could not help but pitty [pity] them[.] they was a great many sick. We left Hilton Head at 20 minuits [minutes] past 5 -- and [written diagonally] arived [arrived] at the Fort, at 20 minuits [minutes] past 7[.] found all of the Boys well.

Dec 11th 1862
Reported for duty this morning. drilled on big Guns, and [written diagonally] Company drill in the afternoon[.]

Dec 12th 1862
Detailed to go on fatigue. enloading Lumber of the Virginia, Price. A member of Co G, buried in the afternoon.

[Page] 55

Dec. 13th 1862
Drilled on big guns, in the morning. no drill in
the afternoon. dress parade at sun set[sunset].

Dec 14th 1862
Beautiful Sabbath. Company inspection, dress parade at sun set [sunset]. in the evening, Orderly Sargt Barrett came and [written diagonally] told me to report over to Col. Bartons quarters. obeyed orders. went there and [written diagonally] found that he wanted the Boilors [Boilers] takeing [taken] out, of the wrecked, Steamer, Emma[.] recived [received] orders to go to work in the morning[.]

Dec. 15th 1862
Went to the wreck, found it a rough looking place. Came back went to work getting tools together[.] in the evening Sargt Lapue of Co. B came and [written diagonally] told me that the work was dispensed with for the present.

Dec. 22nd 1862
Lieut Robenson [Robinson] received his commision [commission] as 1st Lieut of Co B. he, spoke a few words to the company before leaving them. the boys gave him three hearty cheers and [written diagonally] a tiger.

Dec. 29th 1862
Received orders this morning to go and [written diagonally] report to the Capt of the Steamer, Mattano. went down there and [written diagonally] found that the Boilor [Boiler] wanted patching. worked all day and [written diagonally] untill [until] 10 O,Clock at night[.]

[Page] 56

Dec. 30th 1862
Went to work on the mattano [Mattano][.] worked all day took dinner and [written diagonally] supper on board. finished the job[.]

Dec. 31st 1862
Regimental inspection and [written diagonally] muster for two months pay. S.Yl. [?] Wallace 1st Lieut of Company, F, resigned. he shook hands with evry [every] member of the Company. in the evening the Company went over to his quarters, and [written diagonally] sernaded [serenaded] him.

Jan. 1st 1863
No drill to day [today]. very dull New, Year[.] Col. Barton and [written diagonally] most of the, officers to Beaufort, SC. Roast Beef for dinner.

Jan 2nd 1863
Lieut Wallace started for new York[.] the Company escorted him to the Boat.

Jan. 3rd 1863
Drilled on big guns in the morning. The Steamer Mattano arived [arrived] about 12 OClock with the Majir [Major] of the 47th and [written diagonally] 11 of the 47th Base Ball Club, and [written diagonally] five musicians of the 76 Penn. Regt[.] the 47th Base Ball Club, played with the 48[.] after playing nine innings the 48th was declared the victors[.]

[Page] 57

Jan. 5th 1863
Weather dark and [written diagonally] cloudy. drilled on big guns in the morning no drill in the afternoon. no dress parade. 

Jan[.] 6th 1863 [written on same line as parade]
Squad drill in the morning. after drill detailed to go on fatigue cleaning out the gutters in front of the officers quarters. Weather pleasent [pleasant] [.]

Jan. 8th 1863
Drilled on big, guns in the morning[.] in the afternoon squad drill. two row boats with a flag of truce came down from Savannah bringing, twelve Women 1 Man and [written diagonally] a little Girl and Baggage[.] 

Jan. 9th 1863 [written on same line as Baggage] 
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. posted on the North Dock. Onderkirk Corpl[.] of the gaurd [guard]. the folks that came from Savannah went to the Head[.]

Jan. 10th 1863
Came off gaurd [guard] this morning. Cleaned up my equipments for inspection[.] arivel [arrival] of the mail. received a letter from my Brother and [written diagonally] his Photograph[.] the Barton, Base, Ball Club went to Hilton Head to play with the 47th, N.Y. dress, parade, at sun set [sunset][.] Capt. Strycklomer Commanding post.

[Page] 58

Jan. 11th, 1863
Company inspection, this morning, our captain being absent. the Ordely [Orderly] Sargent [Sergeant] inspected the Company. dress parade at sunset[.] wrote a letter to my Brother.

Jan. 12th,1863
Detailed to go on fatigue down to the south dock enloading coale [coal] of [off?] a Schooner. the Steamer Mattano went up to Savannah with a flag of truce, carrying two Women and [written diagonally] five children. A rumer [rumor] to night [tonight] that the rebels, have got a fleet up by Fort. Jackson preparing to attack the Fort. sent a picket boat up the river to watch the movements of the rebels[.]

Jan. 13th. 1863
The picket Boat arived [arrived] this morning[.] they report evrything [everything] quiet. drilled on big guns in the morning, squad drill in the afternoon.

Jan 16th 1863
Detailed to go on fatigue down to the South Dock. Enloading Coal. Wind blowing almost a gale[.]

Jan. 17th , 1863
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Lieut Fry, of the 3rd Rho I. Ar officer of the gaurd [guard]. Post No1 in front of the gaurd [guard] house. after standing first two hours received orders to report to the officer of the day. (Capt. Fostor,) [Foster] as orderly [orderly]. Weather, quite Cold[.]

[Page] 59

Jan. 18the. 1863
Company inspection in the morning. Church in the Afternoon. dress parade at sunset. Weather cold and [written diagonally] windy. wrote letter to Barhydt[.]

Jan. 19th, 1863
Cold and [written diagonally] looks very much like rain. drilled with over coats [overcoats] on. no drill in the afternooon[.] commenced raining. wind blowing hard. did not send out a picket on account of it being so rough. Col. Bartin [Barton] and [written diagonally] a squad of men went to Hilton Head on the Steamer Mattano after the Mail.

Jan[.] 20th , 1863
Rained most all day. Mud ankle deep, no drill. Arivel [Arrival] of the Mattano with the mail. received no letter. Roast Beef and [written diagonally] Coffee for dinner[.]

Jan. 27th, 1863
Rained all day. heard heavy fireing [firing] towards Wasaw [Wassaw], Sound. think our iron Clad [ironclad] Gunboats are engaging a rebel battery.

Jan. 28th 1863
Reported this morning that the gunboats captured a rebel Battery of 13 guns. Weather quite Cold and [written diagonally] and windy. Mail to Hilton Head[.]

Jan. 29th , 1863
Aribel [Arrival] of the steamer Mattano with the mail and [written diagonally] express. no letter for Bill[.]

[Page] 60

Jan. 30th 1863
Company inspection this morning without knapsacks. Capt. Swartwout inspectedthe Company. after inspection detailed to go on fatigue, cleaning around the Fort[.] dress parade at sunset[.] Lieut Col. Greene [Green] Commanding Post. Weather plesant [pleasant] [.]

Jan. 31st 1863
Beautiful day. drilled on big guns in the morning no drill in the Afternoon. Cleaned my equipments for inpsection to morrow [tomorrow]. dress parade. Lieut Col. Greene [Green]Commanding post[.] [post written above Commanding] saw a large fire on Jone's [Jones] Island and [written diagonally] a nother[another], towards, Savannah, think they are burning Cotton.

Feb. 1st 1863
Beautiful, Sabbath. Regimental inspection[.] heavy fireing [firing] towards Warsaw Island, commenced at sunrise this morning. think our Gunboats are shelling a rebel Battery. Church in the afternoon[.] dress prade [parade] at sunset.

Feb. 2nd. 1863
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Lieut Edwards officer of the gaurd [guard]. Post No 9 South Magazine[.] rained most all night. Arivel [Arrival] of the mail received a letter from my mother. Expect Major Genl Hunter and [written diagonally] Foster to morrow [tomorrow][.]

[Page] 61

Feb, 3rd 1863
Came off gaurd [guard] this morning. looks like rain. found most of the Boys cleaning their accountrements [accoutrements]. expecting Major Genl Hunter and [written diagonaly] Fostor [Foster]. Genl Hunter Foster and [written diagonally] Neglay [Negley] arived [arrived] in the afternoon. The Regiment marched down to the South dock to receive them[.] they was received by the booming of cannon. the other two Genls and [written diagonally] staff left for Hilton Head about sundown. Genl. Hunter, staide [stayed]. dress parade[.]

Feb 4th 1863
Cold and [written diagonally] windy. Squad drill. Genl. Hunter inspected the quarters this morning. No drill in the afternoon. Wind blowing almost a gale no dress parade[.]

Feb. 5th 1863
Rained hard all day, no drill, mud ankle deep. Genl. Hunter went to Hilton Head this morning. Reported that the right Wing is going on a expidition[expedition] [.]

Feb. 6th 1863 [written on this line in diary] 
Rained most all day. No drill. hear that they is a mail to the Head. Mattano left for Hilton Head a bout [about] noon, expect she will bring the mail.

Feb[.] 7th 1863
Beautiful day. 15 men out of each Company fixing up the parade ground filling in with sand. dress parade at sun set [sunset]. No mail yet[.]

[Page] 62

Feb 8th 1863
Beautiful. Sabbath. Company inspection. Lieut Barrett inspected the Company. Received a letter from my Brother. Dress parade at sunset. Col. Barton Commanding. write a letter to John.

Feb. 9th 1863
Arival [Arrival] of the Steamer Cosmopolitan with reguler [regular] [?] [S?] officers, to inspect the Regiment. Regimental inspection with Knapsacks, Haversacks and [written diagonally] Canteen. Dress parade and [written diagonally] Batalion [Battalion] drill [.] 
severel [several] of the officers took command of the Batalion [Battalion]. the drill lasted untill [until] dark. the movements were all done double quick[.]

Feb 10th 1863
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Lieut Barrett officer of the gaurd [guard] received orders to go and [written diagonally] report to the officer of the day (Capt. Lent) as ordely [orderly][.] Co B went over to Dawfuskie[Daufuskie] Island after lumber. and to scout the island [written over They returned] They returned about 11 O,Clock without seeing a rebel. They brought a load of lumber[.]

Feb[.] 11th 1863
Beautiful day. filled my bead [bed?] tick with straw, washed three pair of gloves and [written diagonally] Cleaned my accountrements [accoutrement] for dress parade. dress parade at sunset. Lieut Col Green commanding

[Page] 63

two Soldiers from the southern army deserted and [written diagonally] came to the Fort. they report the launching of another Iron Clad [Ironclad] Ram, that they are going to retake Fort. Pulaski and [written diagonally] that Beauregard has gone to North Carolina to command the frces [forces] [.]

Feb. 15th 1863
Company inpsection inside of the quarters on, account of it being muddy outside. in the afternoon the Steamer Mattano arived [arived] from the head with the mail and [written diagonally] the Paymaster. received a letter from Barhydt. Expect 4 months pay tomorrow.

Feb. 16th 1863
Windy and [written diagonally] cloudy. No pay yet. Signed the pay Roll this morning. A flag of truce went up to Savannah this morning with a woman and [written diagonally] two children.

Feb. 17th, 1863
Drilled on big guns in the morning[.] received four months pay ($52.00)[.] a letter [diagonal strikes in diary]

Feb. 18th 1863
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. raining very hard. Supernumery [Supernumerary] in the evening[.] detailed to go on picket. spent a very plesent [pleasant] night[.]

[Page] 64

Feb. 19th, 1863
Came off gaurd [guard] this morning. reported to the gaurd [guard] house at daylight. received orders to go to my quarters. heavy fireing [firing] in the direction of Willimgton [Wilmington?] Island.

Feb. 20th, 1863
Pleasent [Pleasanto] day. write [write? wrote?] a letter to my mother[.]
Squad drill. Dress, parade at Sunset [.]

Feb. 21st, 1863
A game of Base, Ball [Baseball]. Company F played the Drum, Corps. Co F was Victorious[.]

Feb. 22nd 1863
Company inspection. Capt. Swartwout inspected the Company. Arivel [Arrival] of the mail[.] received a letter from home, likewise one from, Peekskill. write a letter to Peekskill[.]

Feb. 23rd 1863
Squad drill in the morning. in the afternoon detailed to go on fatigue, enloading wood off a Schooner wich [which] layes [lays] to the, south [dock written above south][.] Opening of Olympic, Theatre. nine men two Corporals and [written diagonally] one Sargented [Sergeant] alowed [allowed] to go out of each Company. my turn next time[.]

[Page] 65

Feb. 28th 1863
Inspection and [written diagonally] muster for two months pay[.] dress parade at sun set [sunset] [.]

March 1st 1863
Company inspection inside of the quarters[.] Lieut Barrett inspected the Company. no dress parade[.] [parade written above dress]

March 2nd, 1863
Squad drill in the morning. Company drill in the afternoon. received an order from Ordely [Orderly] Sargent, [Sergeant] Hutchingson [Hutchinson?] that the Captain (Swartwout) wanted to see me. went over to his quarters. he told me that he was going to promote me to Coporal [Corporal]. Privets [Privates] Williams, Poppy [Poppe], Wyckoff promoted to Corpls. Corpl Cox promoted to Sargent [Sergeant. dress parade at sunset[.]

March 3rd, 1863
drilled on big guns in the morning. Company drill in the afternoon. Heard heavy guns a fireing [firing] all day. suppise [suppose] our Iron Clads [Ironclads] are to work at Fort McAllister. dress parade at sunset Lieut Col. Green commanding, post[.] Col. Barton and [written diagonally] Major, Strickland went over to Warsaw Island to see the bombardment of Fort, McAllister[.]

[Page] 66

March 4th 1863
Cold and [written diagonally] windy. drilled with overcoats on. the Steamer Mattano arived [arrived] from Wasaw [Wassaw] Sound with Col. Barton and Majir [Major] Strickland. they report, Fort, McAllister not taken yet. the Iron Clads [Ironclads] bombarded all day. the Iron Clads [Ironclads] is to renew the attacked [attack?] to day [today]. our Iron Clads [Ironclads] get hit 31 times. heard heavy fireing [firing] most all night[.]

March 6th 1863
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Corpl of the picket gaurd [guard], at the South dock. weather pleasent [pleasant]. Lieut. Barrett of Co H Officer of the gaurd [guard].

March 7th 1863
Came off gaurd [guard] this morning. Cleaned my accountrements [accoutrements] for dress parade. Col. Green commanding post.

March 8th 1863
Beautiful Sabbath. Company inspection[.] Capt. Swartwout inspected the Company. dress parade at sun set [susnset][.]

March 9th 1863
Drilled a squad of five men in the morning[.] [morning written above “the”] Company drill in the afternoon. in the evening went to the Olympic Theatre[.]

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March 10th 1863
Arivel [Arrival] of the mail to Hilton Head. The Steamer, Mattano went to Hilton Head this morning after the mail. Drilled on artillery in the morning. Company drill in the afternoon[.] Lieut. Barrett commanding. Dress parade at sunset[.]

March 11th 1863
Received two letters at roll call this morning one from my mother and the other from Cessfner [?]. the ajutant [adjutant] is honorbly [honorably] discharged and left for Hilton Head on board of the steamer Mattano. the men gave him three cheers as he ws going out of the Fort[.]

March 12th 1863
Three rebel Soldiers deserters came to the Fort this morning. they report the City (Savannah) fule [full] of troops[.]

March 13th 1863
Squad drill in the morning. in the afternoon detailed to go on fatigue. dress parade at sunset[.] in the evening went to the Theatre[.]

March 14th 1863
Artillery drill in the morning. Base Ball match. Company F, played the picked nine of the Regiment. Co. F was victorious. Target practice in the afternoon. tried the

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range of our Battery for the chanel [channel] in Savannah River. Col. Barton was presented with a handsom [handsome] Sword and [written diagonally] Sash by the men of his Regiment (48)[.] the. Ordely. [Orderly[ Sergent [Sergeant] of Co. C. presented it[.]

March 15th 1863
Beautiful Sabbath. Company inspection in the morning. Capt Swartwout inspected the Company. -- five rebels deserted and [written diagonally] came to the Fort, bringing an officer as a prisioner [prisoner]. they belonged to the Iron Clad [Ironclad], Georgia (Rebel)[.] A detachment of Co B and [written diagonally] A, went out a scouting[.] they returned a bout [about] sun down [sundown] without seeing a rebel. they saw the Rebel Ram Georgia wich [which] layes [lays] up near, Fort, Jackson.

March 16th 1863
Squad drill in the morning. Company drill in the afternoon. Flag of truce came from Savannah. they brought clothes and [written diagonally] money for the officer that the deserters overpowered[.] Went to the Theatre.

March 17th 1863
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Lieut[.] Barrett officer of the gaurd [guard] [.] Corpl of the picket gaurd [guard] at the north dock. Beautiful day.

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March 18th 1863
Came off gaurd [guard] this morning. Cleaned my accountrements [accoutrements] for dress parade[.]

March 19th . 1863
Artillery drill in the morning. Company drill in the afternoon. Wind blowing very hard. the steamer Mattano up the Savannah River with a flag of truce, with money and [written diagonally] clothes for Lieut, Rushby who was taken prisioner [prisoner] last week. No dress parade[.]

March 20th 1863
Cold and [written diagonally] windy. Squad drill in the morning[.] Company drill in the afternoon. three (rebel) deserters came to the Fort. they belonged to a Battery on Cranson's, Bluff [Branson's Bluff?] near, Savannah[.] no dress parade.

March 21st 1863
Cole and [written diagonally] stormy[.] rained most all day. no drill. cleand [cleaned] my accountrements [accoutrements] for inspection. tomorrow [tomorrow]. arivel [arrival] of the mail to Hilton, Head[.] the Provo Boat crew went over to Bradocks [Braddocks] Point after it. no dress parade[.]

March 22nd. 1863
Company inpsection. Capt. Swartwout inspected the Company. in the afternoon detailed to go on fatigue. dress parade at sunset[.] arival [arrival of the mial[.] [written above “parade at sunset”] received no letter[.]

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March 23rd 1863
Squad drill in the morning. In the afternoon Co F. went to work to mount their 10 inch Columbiad[.] Genl Seymour arived [arrived]] [.] staid [stayed] all day and [written diagonally] went to the Olympic Theatre in the evening[.]

March 24th 1863
Detailed to go on fatigue. Co F mounted their 10 inch Columbiade [Columbiad]. The steamer Mattano went up the River with a flag of truce. No dress parade.

March 25th 1863
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Corpl of the 1st relief. Lieut. Hylyard [Hilliard?]. Officer of the Gaurd [Guard]. Arivel [Arrival] of the mail. received three letters. Weather pleasent [pleasant] [.]

March 26th 1863
Came off gaurd [guard] this morning. Cleaned up for dress parade. Heard heavy fireing [firing] up towards Fort Jackson. think they are trying the range of their Guns.--Dress parade at sunset. Lieut Col Green commanding Post[.] wrote a letter to Barhydt[.]

March 27th 1863
Company inspection -- expected Genl Hunter would visit the 48th evry thing [everything] in readenes [readiness] to receive him[.] the Steamer Mattano caame from Hilton Head without the Genl. dress pirade [parade] at sunsest. Ordely [Orderly] Sargent Sargent [Sergeant], Hutchingson [Hutchinson?] was

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taking to the Hospital on a stretcher. --He had a sore throat -- could not speak. Great many more sick with the same complaint. -- Detailed Gunner of No 1 Gun to night [tonight] in case of an alarm[.]

March 28th 1863
Artillery drill in the morning. Cleaned my accountrements [accoutrements] for inspection. Detailed, Gunner No 2 Gun in case of an alarm. dress parade at sunset[.]

March 29th 1863
Rained hard hard all day -- no inpsection[.] the Mattano arived [arrived] from Hilton Head with a Schooner in tow loaded with coal[.]

March 30th 1863
Cold and [written diagonally] Windy[.] wind blowing a perfect gale[.] saw a small schooner off the point of Dawfuski [Daufuskie] Island without any colours flying[.] supposed she was a rebel craft trying to run by the Fort. a detachment of Co E went on board of the steamer Mattano and [written diagonally] ? out after her[.] they fired one Gun at her and [written diagonally] she hoisted the English flag[.] she proved to be the Schooner Expiditiores [?] from Nassau bound to Savannah with salt. Rained hard all night[.]

March 31st 1863
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Corpl of the 1st Relief[.] Lieut. Fox, Officer of the gaurd [guard]. The mattano went to Hilton Head with the prise [variant of prize]. -- Cold and [written diagonally] Windy[.]

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April 1,st 1863
Cold and [written diagonally] windy. Came off gaurd [guard] this morning. took a good sleep. A fatigue party to work carting morters [mortars] to the South, Dock[.] Expect a boat up from Hilton Head to take them on the expidition [expedition] towards Charleston (SC)[.] The Steamer Mattano arived [arrived] from Hilton Head with a small mail -- no letter for me[.] The Seamer [Steamer] May, Flower [Mayflower] came from Hilton Head after the morters [mortars] [.] a fatigue party worked all night getting them ready[.]

April 2nd. 1863
Artillery drill in the morning. no drill in [?] on account of all hands on fatigue. the 3rd Rho Island buisey [busy] dismiunting [dismounting] the no 10 in. Columbiads from the Ramparts[.] they are to be mounted on the new Battery down on the North, Dyke [Dike] [.] Detailed Gunner of No 3 Gun.

April 3rd. 1863
Company's C and [written diagonally] G went over to Dawfuskie [Daufuskie] Island to Recinnoitre [Reconnoitre][.] they returned abouth sundown[.] Company K, started in the afternoon with five days rations over to little, Tybee to try and capture some Rebels that are reported to be around there. Company A on fatigue[.] the 3rd Rho Island to work mounting Guns[.] detailed Gunner of No 1 Gun to night [tonight]. no dress parade[.]

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April 4th 1863
Cool & pleasent [pleasant]. 3rd. Rho I. mounted the other Gun on the new Battery[.] tried the range of the Guns in the afternoon. the Steamer Mattano gone to Hilton, Head after the mail. the Gunboat Marblehead arived [arrived]. dress parade at sunset[.]

April 5th 1863
Regimental inspection. Arivel [Arrival] of the mail no letter for me. Arivel [Arrival] of the Gunboat Sebago[.] dress parade at sunset[.]

April 6th 1863
The Gunboat marblehead and [written diagonally] the Steamer mattano went up the Savannah, River with Col Barton[.] they returned a bout [about] dark. dress parade[.] Lieut Col J.M. Geen commanding post[.]

April 7th 1863
Artillery practice in the morning[.] fireing [firing] at a Beacon in the Savannah, River. -- one of Company E men get hit by a, peice [piece] of a matalie [metal?] ring that flew off of Jame's projectiles. the steamer Mattano arived [arrived] from Hilton, Head[.] they report that a flag of truce went a shore [ashore] to Charleston and gave them untill [until] 3, OClock to day [today] to surrender the City. arivel [arrival] of the mail to Hilton, Head. dress parade at sunset. Gunner of the No 4 gun tonight[.]

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April 8th 1863
A, signal despatch [variant of dispatch] was received this morning stating that the Bombardment of Charleston commenced at 3 P.M. yesterday and [written diagonally] that 13,000 troops ready to land on Morris, Island. the Iron Clad [Ironclad] all got, across the Bar. heard heavy fireing [firing] in the direction of Charleston. the Gunboat Marblehead, layes [lays] up the Savannah River. The mattano arived [arrived] with the mail[.]

April 9th 1863
Drilled two prisioners. hours of drill with knapsacks packed and [written diagonally] Rifels [Rifles] from 8.30 to 10 A.M. from 10.30 to 12 n. from, 1 P.m to 2.30. from 3 P[.]M. to 4.30. The Steamer Mattano with a detachment of Co A went over to Warsaw Sound. dress parade[.]

April 10, 1863
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Corpl of the 3rd Relief. Lieut. Smith officer of the gaurd [guard][.]

April 11th 1863
Came off gaurd [guard] this morning. found evrything [everything] all right. Cleaned up for inspection to morrow [tomorrow] [.] the mattano arived [arrived] from Hilton Head with a small mail. Olympic Theatre openeors [opens] to night [tonight] [.] Dress parade at sunset.

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April 12th 1863
Beautiful day[.] Company inspection[.] Company H went over to. Turtle Island reconnoitering[.] they returned in the afternoon without seeing a rebel[.] dress parade at sunset. Gunner of the No1 gun to night [tonight] [.]

April 13,th, 1863
Four. sailors from Savannah came to the Fort this morning. think they are old blockade runners. the Mattano took them to Hilton Head[.] dress parade[.] Lieut Col Green Commanding post[.]

April 16th 1863
Muster of all troops in the Garison [Garrison] [.] expected a mustering officer up from the Head[.] waited untill [until] long in the afternoon and found that they would be no offier [officer] from the Head[.] Col Barton musterd [mustered] them himself. news came from Tybee Island to the Fort that they was a English vessel trying to run the Blockade and that she was a ground [aground][.] Compand, [Company] D, went on the mattano after her but she [?] get off[.] sent a signal dispatch to Hilton Head after a gun boat [gunboat].

April 17th 1863
Artillery drill in the morning. Company drill in the afternoon. Dress parade at sunset[.]

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April 18th 1863
Five Contrabands, came to the Fort this morning. the Charleston papers says that they drove the Yankies [Yankees] Iron clads [Ironclads] from the City. Went to the Olympic Theatre in the evening.

April 30th 1863
Up to this time nothing has been done of any importence [importance]. to day [today] I am detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Corpl of the 2nd Relief. Lieut Edwards officer of the gaurd [guard]. Regimental inspection and [written diagonally] muster for two months pay. Lieut Col J. M. Green musterd [mustered] the troops[.]

May 1st 1863
Came off gaurd [guard][.] found the Boys buisey [busy] whitewashing their quaters [quarters].

May 31st 1863
Came off gaurd [guard] this morning (Sunday)[.] the gaurd [guard] relieved at half past 7. received orders to get ready for Regimental inspection[.] Weather quite warm[.]

June 1st 1863
Skirmish drill in the morning[.] Company drill in the Afternoon. fired nine cartriges [cartridges]. very warm[.]

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June 2nd, 1863
Artillery drill in the morning. fired two shots from our 100 lb. Parritt [Parrott]. one at the Beacon the other at the white houses on Willimgton [Wilimgton] Island, full elevation. A report in circulation that 300 of the 48th are going on a expidition [expedition] [.] Sentinels No 2 and [written diagonally] 9 received orders not to a low [allow?] any enlisted man to walk past the Officers quarters on the side walk [sidewalk]. (What next)

June 3rd 1863
Company, F, received orders this afternoon to get ready with one days Rations to go on a secret expidition [expedition].

June 4th. 1863
Started for Blufton [Bluffton] last night onbord [board] the Steamer Island City. six Companys of the 48th, N. Y. Company F of, Serrells [Serrell's] engineers a detachment of the 3rd Rho. I. and [written diagonally] two other transsports with troops making in all about 1200 men with one Gunboat. we debarked a bout [about] 5 O,Clock in the morning and [written diagonally] took up line of march for Blufton [Bluffton] (SC)[.] we arived [arrived] at the Viliage [Village] of Blufton [Bluffton] at 9 O,Clock[.] Company F received orders to go and support the Engineers while they destroyed the Bridges and [written diagonally] burn the houses. our skirmishers

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where buisey [busy] fireing [firing] at the Rebel Cavalry[.] we destroyed one Bridge and [written diagonally] burnt most of the houses. while we were to work the Gunboat was shelling the woods. in a few minuits [minutes] Blufton [Bluffton] was wraped [wrapped] in flames. we received orders to fall back double quick, wich [which] we did you can bet[.] after running a little wayes [ways] we disciverd [discovered] that the building a head [ahead] of us was in flames how to get to the boat we did not new [know?]. we held a counsil [council] of war and [written diagonally] came to the conclusion it was best to go through, let happen what, would and [written diagonally] through we did go, withong [without?] any accidents[.] it was a pretty warm place I can asure [assure] you. we succeded [succeeded] in reaching the boat in safety. found the boys all right. they all thought we where [were?] gon [gone] in[.] we started from the dock immediately. we arived [arrived] at the Fort at 4 O,Clock, pretty well played out.

June 5the 1863
No drill to day [today]. Cleaned my accountrements [accoutrements] [.] ready for a nother [another] start. Signed the pay rolls for $52.00.

June 6th 1863
Artillery drill in the morning. cleaned our quarters out. got ready for Company inspection. Dress parade at sunset[.]

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June 7th 1863
Company inspiction [inspection]. Weather very warm[.] white men are alowed [allowed] on the side walk [sidewalk] to day [today]. Picket gaurd [guard] at the south dock put in the gaurd [guard] house. the Patrol found them asleepe [archaic spelling] last night. Dress parade at sunset[.]

June 8th 1863
Squad drill in the morning. in the afternoon Col. Barton orderd [ordered] the Batalion [Battalion] out[.] we fell in on the Colour [variant of color] line[.] he then gave orders on the Centre form square double quick wich [which] we did. he then explained the side walk [sidewalk] business. all enlisted men that have buisness [business] with officers are alowed [allowed] to walk on the sidewalk. it seems that this morning they was a notice found pasted up on the walls of the [written above Sally] Sally port insulting the officers [.] he saide [said] that such men could not be relyed [archaic spelling] upon on the battle field [battlefield]. after giving the Regiment some good advice and [written diagonally] forming line of battle again, he dissmissed [dismissed] them. Baked Peess [Peas?] Pork and [written diagonally] Coffee for dinner[.] Dress parade at sunset.

June 9th 1863
Weather very warm. Washed my clothes[.] artillery drill in the morning. Comapny drill in the afternoon. Dress parade at sunset[.]

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June 10,th 1863
Detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Corpl of the 2nd Relief[.] Lieut. Taylor officer of the gaurd [guard]. Four rebels soldiers and [written diagonally] one Sargent [Sergeant] came to the Fort this morning[.] they belonged to the 63 Georgia. received a letter from Home. [Home written above from]

June 11th 1863
Came off gaurd [guard]. the steamer Island City took the five deserters to Hilton, Head. No dress parade[.] wrote a letter home. O,Neil and Doherny [Doheny born as Dongheny] got their discharge papers. gone to Hilton Head[.]

June 12th 1863
Weather, Cloudy rained most all day. no drill[.] arivel [arrival] of the furlough men. Brig. Genl. Gillmore arived [arrived] to Hilton, Head to take command of the department of the south.

June 13th 1863
Artillery drill in the morning. Weather, Cloudy[.]

June 15th 1863
Squad drill in the morning, in the afternoon most of the Regiment on fatigue --cleaning the garrison[.] Burrows of Company D, died in the Hospital[.] no dress parade[.]

June 16th 1863
Detailed to go on fatigue, to work in Co B Battery. Burrows of Co. D. buried. the remains was escorted down to the South Dock and [written diagonally] from there

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it was taken over to Tybee Island. dress parade at sunset. eighteen men and [written diagonally] one Corporal detailed on fatigue to enload Flour off the Island City[.]

June 17th 1863
Capture of the Iron, clad [Ironclad] Fingall (Rebel). Col. Barton went over to Warsaw Island to see the Rebel iron clad[ironclad]. the wounded were brought here on board of the Island City and [written diagonally] then [written above taken] taken to Hilton Head[.] one killed and [written diagonally] 17 wounded and [written diagonally] 163 Prisiners [Prisoners] all told[.]

June 18th 1863
Brig. Gen'l Gilmore [Gillmore] arived [arrived] on board of the Ben, Deford. he was received by the booming of cannon. Received four months pay. rumors in circulation that we are going to Foley Island [Folly Island] (SC)[.] June 19th 1863 [written on same line] Received marching orders to day[today] to get ready to embark on the Ben Deford with three days rations, dress coats & extra Blankets left bhind with the Company property. -- embarked after dark[.]layed off Tybee Island all night. Companys G & I left behind. sleep on the upper deck all night[.] wrote a letter home [has line drawn underneath and straight up by home] June 20th 1863 [date on same line]
Started at day break [daybreak] this morning for Hilton Head. arived [arrived] there in good [?] [.] we proceeded from there to St. Helna [Helena], Island (SC) [.] we disembarked about 2, OClock and

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marched about one mile & a half with knapsacks through the sand. Weather very warm[.] number of the Boys had to fall outfrom the efects [effects] of the Sun. received orders to unsling knapsacks. went to work laying out a camp ground [campground]. 76 Penn. Vol brught [brought] no coffee. heavy thunder shower. detailed to go on gaurd [guard]. Corpl of the 3rd Relief. Lieut Edwards officer of the gaurd [guard] . arested [arrested] three members of Company C.

June 21st. 1863
Came off gaurd [guard] this mroning. found the Boys comfortable in the tent. Company inspection[.] all hands orderd [ordered] on fatigue, in the afternoon Kellogg and Fonda sent out a [out a written above reconnoitoring] reconnoitering. came back to camp with Eggs & Cucumbers[.] had boiled Eggs for supper. Weather warm. heavy thunder storm. some of the tents blowed down[.]

June 22nd 1863
all hands on fatigue cutting down old stumps and [written diagonally] diging [digging] a well.

June 26th 1863
Brigade drill & review. formed in line of Battle[.] 48th on the right. four peices [pieces] of 1 [illegible] Ir. [?] S Battery on the right of us fired eight rounds of blank cartriges [cartridges]. fired by Batalion [Battalion] and [written diagonally] then by Company. Weather very warm[.]

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June 27th 1863
No drill to day[today]. all hands cleaning their accountrements [accoutrements][.] dress parade at sunset. 48th doing picket duty on the Island. no soldier alowed [allowed] out side [outside] the pickets[.]

June 28th 1863
Sunday. Company inspection without Knapsacks[.] heavy rain and [written diagonally] thunderstorm. our tent leaked like a sive [sieve]. got wet through. One soldier of the 76 Penna got struck by lightning and [written diagonally] stuned [stunned]. Col Barton orderd [ordered] the gaurd [guard] of the 48th to be relived [relieved]after the rain storm[.] we all looked like drownded [drowned] rats[.] hardly a man in the Company but what was wet through. A soldier of the 2 nd South, Carolina Vol shot for desertion[.]

June 29th 1863
Company drill in the morning. skirmishing Brigade drill in the afternoon. arivel [arrival] of the mail[.]

June 30th 1863
Regimental inspection and [written diagonally] muster for two months Pay. Detailed to go on picket. stationed about one mile from Camp on a road. dress coats and [written diagonally] seales [seals?] arived [arrived] from Fort. Pulaski[.] suppose we will play fancey [fancy] soldier a gain [again] [.]

July, 1 st. 1863
Brigade, Drill. Weather warm[.]

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July, 2 nd. 1863
moved in to [into] Sargt. Mathews tent[.] washed my clothes. Cleaned my accountrements [accoutrements] [.] Brigade review full dress. Col Barton went to Fort. Pulaski. Lieut,Col Green, Commanding dress parade.

July 3 rd. 1863
Received marching orders to day [today] with two days rations[.] expect to go to Folly Island[.]

July 4.1863
Beautiful day. all the ships are decorated with Flags. struck tents at 8 O,Clock this morning[.] Carried our tents on our backs to the wharf[.] embarked on the steamer Canoniens [?] and [written diagonally] started for Folly Island. just before getting to Stono, Bar received orders to go back to Hilton, Head and [written diagonally] report off the Bar at sunset[.]

July 5 th 1863
Went back to Hilton, Head[.] layed there about two hours and [written diagonally] then started for our destination. arived [arrived] at Folly Island at midnight[.] went a shore [ashore] in small boat. enloaded our Baggage and [written diagonally] then marched a bout [about] two miles and encamped for the night. sleep und [under?] a bush[.] had a comfortable night rest[.]

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July 6 th 1863
Arose this morning after sunrise had a cup of coffee and [written diagonally] a peice [piece] of Pork. in a few minuts [minutes] the long roll was sounded[.] we fell in line & marched to our place for encamping[.] after marching a bout [about] three miles, we came to a halt[.] picked out our encampment and went to work[.] off [of?] all the places to encamp that ever I saw this beets [beats] all. the whole eight Companys are encamped into a hollow space like a kave [cave][.] no one can see our camp untill [until] they get rite [right] on them[.]

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Clothing account for Second Year
1862 Commencine August 15th 1862
to
Dec 31 $14 72
1863
Jan. 8 th 1 Pair of No2. Pants 3 03
“ “ 1 “ “ “ 9 Shoes 1.94
Feb 1 st 1 Canteen 00 47
“ 7 th 2 Pair of Stockings 00 64
March 14. 1 Great Coat 9 00
April, 4 2 Pair of Socks 0 64
May, 2 1 “ “ Shoes 2 05
“ “ “ Knapsack condemed [condemned] 34,52
Hispital [Hospital?] Fort. Schuyler
3rd Year 1 Dress Coat
1 Pair of Pants
2 “ Stockings, Davids Island Hispital [Hospital]

[No page number]

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